On the Nonsmooth, Nonconstant Velocity of Braille Reading and Reversals

Hughes, Barry; McClelland, Amber; Henare, Dion T.

doi:10.1080/10888438.2013.802203

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Studies on the motor component of braille reading have shown that there are some fundamental differences between the two reading modalities (see Hughes, McClelland, & Henare, 2014, for a discussion). While eyetrackers measure oculomotor activity, active braille displays measure the point of contact with the braille line.…”

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confidence: 99%

Letter position coding across modalities: Braille and sighted reading of sentences with jumbled words

et al. 2014

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This article explores how letter position coding is attained during braille reading and its implications for models of word recognition. When text is presented visually, the reading process easily adjusts to the jumbling of some letters (jugde-judge), with a small cost in reading speed. Two explanations have been proposed: One relies on a general mechanism of perceptual uncertainty at the visual level, and the other focuses on the activation of an abstract level of representation (i.e., bigrams) that is shared by all orthographic codes. Thus, these explanations make differential predictions about reading in a tactile modality. In the present study, congenitally blind readers read sentences presented on a braille display that tracked the finger position. The sentences either were intact or involved letter transpositions. A parallel experiment was conducted in the visual modality. Results revealed a substantially greater reading cost for the sentences with transposed-letter words in braille readers. In contrast with the findings with sighted readers, in which there is a cost of transpositions in the external (initial and final) letters, the reading cost in braille readers occurs serially, with a large cost for initial letter transpositions. Thus, these data suggest that the letter-position-related effects in visual word recognition are due to the characteristics of the visual stream.

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confidence: 99%

Letter position coding across modalities: Braille and sighted reading of sentences with jumbled words

et al. 2014

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“…However, these approaches required fixing LEDs to participants' fingers and battery packs to their wrists. Hughes, McClelland, and Henare (2014) make a similar trade-off by attaching the pen from a Wacom digitizing graphic tablet to the primary reading finger of their participants. With the stimulus placed on the tablet the approximate position of the fingertip was automatically provided with high temporal precision, but data capture is limited to one finger, which carries a cumbersome pen.…”

Section: Existing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-touch Interaction Data Analysis System (MIDAS) for 2-D tactile display research

et al. 2019

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The study of haptic perception and cognition requires data about how humans interact with tactile surfaces in the context of performing cognitive tasks. MIDAS is a set of three tools for the digital capture, coding, analysis, and interpretation of timeseries, multitouch, interactive behaviors on a tactile surface. The MIDAS-logger uses the current screen technology of tablet computers to capture touches (up to ten fingers at high spatial and temporal resolution) through conventional tactile graphics that are overlaid on the screen. The MIDAS-analyser is a software program for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of MIDASlogger touch data, which includes a fully interactive visualization of the data and a yoked display of a conventional simultaneous video recording made of the interactions. MIDAS-tactile protocol analysis (TPA) provides a scheme and a method to enable the rich coding and interpretation of tactile behaviors over multiple spatial and temporal scales. The efficacy of MIDAS was assessed against a set of criteria drawn from the successes and limitations of prior approaches to the study of tactile interactions. To demonstrate the functions of MIDAS, its three components were used to capture, analyze, code, and interpret the behavior of an experienced user and an inexperienced user of tactile graphics as they performed a shape-matching task.

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“…Indeed, linguistic manipulations of the text can have the same effect on reading braille and increase the likelihood of regressive hand movements [31, 17, 32–35]. The kinematic properties of reading hand movements and regressive hand movements are not qualitatively different [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of modulating braille dot height on reading regressions

et al. 2019

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It is well known that people who read print or braille sometimes make eye or finger movements against the reading direction. The way these regressions are elicited has been studied in detail by manipulating linguistic aspects of the reading material. Actually, it has been shown that reducing the physical intensity or clarity of the visual input signal can also lead to increased regressions during reading. We asked whether the same might be true in the haptic realm while reading braille. We set the height of braille dots at three different levels (high, medium, and low) and asked adult blind, practiced braille readers to read standardized texts without any repetition of content. The results show that setting the braille dot height near the tactile threshold significantly increased the frequency of regressive finger movements. Additionally, at the lowest braille dot height, braille reading speed significantly diminished. These effects did not occur at braille dot heights that were closer to the height of standard braille (medium and high). We tentatively conclude that this effect may be due to a heightened sense of uncertainty elicited by perception near the threshold that seems to be common to the reading process, independent of the sensory input modality. Furthermore, the described effect may be a feature of a brain area that contributes to the reading process mediated by vision as well as touch.

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On the Nonsmooth, Nonconstant Velocity of Braille Reading and Reversals

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Letter position coding across modalities: Braille and sighted reading of sentences with jumbled words

Letter position coding across modalities: Braille and sighted reading of sentences with jumbled words

Multi-touch Interaction Data Analysis System (MIDAS) for 2-D tactile display research

Effect of modulating braille dot height on reading regressions

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