On the optimal tuning of individual pitch control for horizontal-axis wind turbines

Riboldi, C. E. D.

doi:10.1177/0309524x16651545

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The drivetrain loading, evaluated by the DEL of the rotor torque (RotTorq), suggests only small variations due to different operational strategies, with a moderate increase of 1.5% in OS2 compared to OS1. The pitch activity is greatly affected by the employed operational concept, as can be seen by the 37.8% increase in actuator duty cycle (ADC) (Riboldi, 2016).…”

Section: Loading In Turbulent Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different APC operating strategies considering turbine loading and power dynamics for grid support

Pöschke

Schulte

2021

Preprint

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Abstract. This work focuses on the design, implementation, and implications of different operational strategies for wind turbines when providing active power control (APC). APC is a necessary functionality for contributing to the stabilization of the electrical grid. Specifically, two different operational strategies are used as the foundation for a model-based control design that allows the turbine to follow a given power demand. The first relies on keeping a constant rotational speed while varying the generator torque to match the power demand. The second approach varies both, the generator torque and rotational speed of the turbine to yield the desired power output. In the power reduction mode, both operational strategies employ the pitch to maintain the desired rotational speed of the turbine and therefore desired power output. The attainable power dynamics of the two closed-loop systems to varying power demands are analyzed and compared. Reduced-order models formulated as transfer functions and suitable for the integration into an upper-level control design are proposed. It is found that the first strategy involving only the generator torque while keeping a constant rotational speed provides significantly faster power control authority. Further, the resulting fatigue loading in turbulent wind conditions is briefly discussed for the two operational strategies, where constant operational storage is emulated to enable a bidirectional variation of the power output. Without any additional load reducing control loops, the results also suggest that this operational strategy is more favorable with regard to the resulting loading of the turbine structure. The simulation studies are conducted for the 5 MW reference turbine using FAST.

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Section: Loading In Turbulent Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different APC operating strategies considering turbine loading and power dynamics for grid support

Pöschke

Schulte

2021

Preprint

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“…Works by Bossanyi [33] propose an approach based on Coleman's transformation, developed to target higher harmonics in the works of Cacciola [40][41][42], whereas Bottasso et al [32] describe a modelbased approach for deterministic loads and a model-free approach for residual noise components, typically due to high-frequency turbulence. Synthesizing the gains of this control layer, whatever the selected approach, can be done according to heuristics or optimal numerical procedures [43].…”

Section: Control Synthesis Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Research Framework for the Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization of Wind Turbines

Sartori¹,

Cacciola²,

Croce³

et al. 2020

Design Optimization of Wind Energy Conversion Systems With Applications

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The design of very large wind turbines is a complex task which requires the development of dedicated tools and techniques. In this chapter, we present a system-level design procedure based on the combination of multi-body numerical models of the turbine and a multilevel optimization scheme. The overall design aims at the minimization of the cost of energy (COE) through the optimization of all the characteristics of the turbine, and the procedure automatically manages all the simulations required to compute relevant loads and displacements. This unique setup allows the designer to conduct trade-off studies in a highly realistic virtual environment and is an ideal test bench for advanced research studies in which it is important to assess the economic impact of specific design choices. Examples of such studies include the impact of stall-induced vibrations on fatigue, the development of active/passive control laws for large rotors, and the complete definition of 10-20 MW reference turbines.

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“…Publications on the design of IPC often draw attention to the fact that the pitch drive exhibits a higher relative activity. 5,47,48 The measurand for this is called the "actuator duty cycle (ADC)" and is the sum of all pitch movements. Basically, however, not every activity can be considered to be critical for damage formation, as described above.…”

Section: Analysis Of Movement Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of load reduction mechanisms on loads and blade bearing movements of wind turbines

et al. 2019

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The power control of wind turbines is usually realized via a change in the pitch angle of the rotor blades. Pitching facilitates the exact control of the turbines and the reliable deceleration of the rotor when required. Pitch movements can moreover be used for load control. One of these methods is called individual pitch control (IPC). IPC controls the blades individually and brings about a significant reduction in the fatigue loads and extreme loads placed on the structural components, while at the same time reducing the yield of the turbine only slightly. The lower loads reduce material costs, and thus, the cost of energy (CoE) is reduced, despite the slight reduction in yield. The method is nevertheless not used everywhere since the additional movement cycles put the rotor blade bearings in particular under stress. Special attention must be paid to small amplitude oscillating movements, which carry a high risk of inducing surface damage in the rolling contacts of the blade bearings. This paper uses a cycle analysis of the IWT7.5-164 reference turbine to illustrate the differences in the movement patterns of wind turbine blade bearings with and without IPC. Moreover, model calculations with single contacts are used to show which of the movement patterns carries a risk of inducing surface damage. The use of IPC leads to the expected load reduction at the blade root. In current literature, IPC is usually assumed to have a negative influence on the life expectancy of blade bearings, but the findings of this study contradict this. The summed blade bearing movement is increased, although the number of very small pitch angles occurring is reduced. This reduction reduces the risk of wear in the blade bearings.

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On the optimal tuning of individual pitch control for horizontal-axis wind turbines

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of different APC operating strategies considering turbine loading and power dynamics for grid support

Evaluation of different APC operating strategies considering turbine loading and power dynamics for grid support

A Research Framework for the Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization of Wind Turbines

Effect of load reduction mechanisms on loads and blade bearing movements of wind turbines

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