On the optimum mutation rate and optimum dose for practical mutation breeding

Yonezawa, Katsuei; Yamagata, Hirotada

doi:10.1007/bf00027003

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Considering that the average probability of occurrence oi a mutation is one in about 10,000 treated cells (YONEZAWA andYAMAGATA 1977, MICKE et al 1987) and that five cells of the embryonic shoot apex may become part of the germ line, the probability of occurrence of mutations for resistance in the present experiment was quite high since more than 25,000 Mi plants were sampled. Well-distributed rainfall during the growing seasons of the later generations resulted in high incidence of the disease and facilitated rigorous screening for tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Gamma Ray‐Induced Field Tolerance to Phytophthora Blight in Sesame

Pathirana

1992

Plant Breeding

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Due to the non-availability of sources of resistance in Sri Lanka to Phytophthora blight in sesame {Sesamum indicum) caused by Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, a mutation breeding programme was initiated. Seeds of three genotypes were subjected to six doses of gamma rays from 100 Gy to 750 Gy from a '°Co source. Seeds of M2 bulks, sampled by variety and treatment from the first five capsules formed on M5 plants, were grown in a field with a history of repeated incidence of the disease. The best 21 lines, having the highest survival and seed production, identified in the screening of M3 and M4 progeny rows of selected M2 single plants were then tested in a replicated field trial with the recommended cultivar 'MI 3' as a control. The plant survival in selected lines averaged 43.3 percent as against 7.2 percent in the recommended variety. Eight selections recorded significantly higher seed yield than 'MI 3' at P < 0.01 and another three at P < 0.05. Gamma ray treatments of 450 Gy and 600 Gy produced more lines tolerant to the disease than the other doses used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Gamma Ray‐Induced Field Tolerance to Phytophthora Blight in Sesame

Pathirana

1992

Plant Breeding

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“…Similarly, the gains of increasing mutation rates to increase diversity in evolutionary search have become well known (e.g. [52] , [142] , [143] ). Marker-assisted selection combined with backcrossing is a more direct method of improving phenotypic properties and bears similarities with algorithms that use machine learning to aid the evolutionary processes such as EARL1 and EARL2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Genomic Knowledge in Optimising Molecular Breeding Programmes: Algorithms from Evolutionary Computing

2012

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Comparatively few studies have addressed directly the question of quantifying the benefits to be had from using molecular genetic markers in experimental breeding programmes (e.g. for improved crops and livestock), nor the question of which organisms should be mated with each other to best effect. We argue that this requires in silico modelling, an approach for which there is a large literature in the field of evolutionary computation (EC), but which has not really been applied in this way to experimental breeding programmes. EC seeks to optimise measurable outcomes (phenotypic fitnesses) by optimising in silico the mutation, recombination and selection regimes that are used. We review some of the approaches from EC, and compare experimentally, using a biologically relevant in silico landscape, some algorithms that have knowledge of where they are in the (genotypic) search space (G-algorithms) with some (albeit well-tuned ones) that do not (F-algorithms). For the present kinds of landscapes, F- and G-algorithms were broadly comparable in quality and effectiveness, although we recognise that the G-algorithms were not equipped with any ‘prior knowledge’ of epistatic pathway interactions. This use of algorithms based on machine learning has important implications for the optimisation of experimental breeding programmes in the post-genomic era when we shall potentially have access to the full genome sequence of every organism in a breeding population. The non-proprietary code that we have used is made freely available (via Supplementary information).

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“…Rédei (1974) reported a proportion of mutagenized M 2 individuals ranging between 24.4 and 79% after Arabidopsis and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) EMS mutagenic treatment. Yonezawa and Yamagata (1977) reported that in barley, EMS treatment resulted in 10% of M 2 plants with chlorophyll mutation. More recently, Porch et al (2009) reported that at a minimum of 13.41% of M 2 plants showed mutated leaves after EMS treatment of beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Milk Thistle Shatter‐Resistant Mutant Lines with Altered Lignocellulosic Profile for the Complete Domestication of the Species

Martinelli¹

2019

Crop Science

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Milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] is used as a medicinal plant for the production of silymarin. Other than silymarin, the fruit also contains valuable compounds such as oil and protein, and the lignocellulosic biomass of this species has been positively evaluated for biogas, syngas, and energy production. Despite these positive characteristics, the plant is still marked by traits that are typical of undomesticated species. Specifically, fruit shattering at maturity severely hampers its possible utilization as a crop. Therefore, for the first time, an ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis program was implemented to identify milk thistle lines with reduced fruit shattering, and its effectiveness was evaluated through genome‐wide analysis. The candidate nonshattering lines were multiplied up to M6 for the validation of the favorable traits. The lignocellulosic biomass of the selected shatter resistant lines was analyzed according to compositional analysis. The natural milk thistle fruit dispersal mechanism was shown to be modulated by changing air relative humidity. Three vigorous, stable, shatter‐resistant lines were identified. This is the first report that describes milk thistle nonshattering lines. At this stage in the three lines, the morphological description and the compositional analysis of the lignocellulosic biomass indicated that shatter resistance was concomitant to changes in vegetative biomass structure and composition. This observation is compatible with the described natural fruit dispersal mechanism, and it is of interest for the design of new milk thistle crop ideotypes for the complete domestication of the species.

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On the optimum mutation rate and optimum dose for practical mutation breeding

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Gamma Ray‐Induced Field Tolerance to Phytophthora Blight in Sesame

Gamma Ray‐Induced Field Tolerance to Phytophthora Blight in Sesame

Exploiting Genomic Knowledge in Optimising Molecular Breeding Programmes: Algorithms from Evolutionary Computing

Identification of Milk Thistle Shatter‐Resistant Mutant Lines with Altered Lignocellulosic Profile for the Complete Domestication of the Species

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