ON THE ORIGIN AND TRANSPORT OF THE WINTER ARCTIC AEROSOL<sup>*</sup>

Rahn, Kenneth A.; McCaffrey, R. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb17142.x

Cited by 208 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These results are consistent with former studies on synoptic systems and preferred pathways of possible sources for high Arctic aerosol loadings (e.g. Rahn and McCaffrey, 1980;Xie et al, 1999;MacDonald et al, 2000;Eneroth et al, 2003, and references therein). The days 21 and 22 March 2000 as well as 10 and 11 April 2000 form cluster 2 with a similar number of anthropogenic components but with a much higher fraction of sea salt components.…”

Section: Ground-based Time Series During Astarsupporting

confidence: 82%

Interpretation of Arctic aerosol properties using cluster analysis applied to observations in the Svalbard area

Treffeisen

Herber

Ström

et al. 2004

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C T Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in global climate change, directly through radiative forcing and indirectly through their effect on cloud properties. Numerous measurements have been performed in the last three decades in order to characterize polar aerosols. Information about aerosol characteristics is needed to calculate induced changes in the Earth's heat balance. However, this forcing is highly variable in space and time. Accurate quantification of forcing by aerosols will require combined efforts, assimilating information from different sources such as satellite, aircraft and surface-based observations. Adding to the complexity of the problem is that the measurements themselves are often not directly comparable as they vary in spatial/temporal resolution and in the basic properties of the aerosol that they measure. Therefore it is desirable to close the gap between the differences in temporal and spatial resolution and coverage among the observational approaches. In order to keep the entire information content and to treat aerosol variability in a consistent and manageable way an approach has to be achieved which enables one to combine these data. This study presents one possibility for linking together a complex Arctic aerosol data set in terms of parameters, timescale and place of measurement as well as meteorological parameters. A cluster analysis was applied as a pattern recognition technique. The data set is classified in clusters and expressed in terms of mean statistical values, which represent the entire database and its variation. For this study, different time-series of microphysical, optical and chemical aerosol parameters as well as meteorological parameters were analysed. The database was obtained during an extensive aerosol measurement campaign, the ASTAR 2000 (Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol and Radiation) field campaign, with coordinated simultaneous ground-based and airborne measurements in the vicinity of Spitsbergen (Svalbard). Furthermore, longterm measurements at two ground-based sites situated at different altitudes were incorporated into the analysis. The approach presented in this study allows the necessary linking of routine long-term measurements with short-term extensive observations. It also involves integration of intermittent vertical aerosol profile measurements. This is useful for many applications, especially in climate research where the required data coverage is large.

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Section: Ground-based Time Series During Astarsupporting

confidence: 82%

Interpretation of Arctic aerosol properties using cluster analysis applied to observations in the Svalbard area

Treffeisen

Herber

Ström

et al. 2004

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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“…research has focused predominantly on winter/spring (Rahn and McCaffrey, 1980;Shaw, 1995; while fewer measurements have been performed during summer when concentrations are generally lower . Most of the available in-situ measured aerosol data (optical, microphysical, and chemical) have been collected at the surface, whereas only very few summertime airborne studies of aerosol chemical composition have been carried out so far (Brock et al, 1989(Brock et al, , 1990Talbot et al, 1992;Franke et al, 1997;Dreiling and Friederich, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Source identification and airborne chemical characterisation of aerosol pollution from long-range transport over Greenland during POLARCAT summer campaign 2008

et al. 2011

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Abstract.We deployed an aerosol mass spectrometer during the POLARCAT (Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport) summer campaign in Greenland in June/July 2008 on the research aircraft ATR-42. Online size resolved chemical composition data of submicron aerosol were collected up to 7.6 km altitude in the region 60 to 71 • N and 40 to 60 • W. Biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel combustion (FF) plumes originating from North America, Asia, Siberia and Europe were sampled. Transport pathways of detected plumes included advection below 700 hPa, air mass uplifting in warm conveyor belts, and high altitude transport in the upper troposphere. By means of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART, trace gas analysis of O 3 and CO, particle size distributions and aerosol chemical composition 48 pollution events were identified and classified into five chemically distinct categories. Aerosol from North American BB consisted of 22 % particulate sulphate, while with increasing anthropogenic and Asian influence aerosol in Asian FF dominated plumes was composed of up to 37 % sulphate category mean value. Overall, it was found that the organic matter fraction was largerCorrespondence to: J. Schmale (julia.schmale@gmail.com) (85 %) in pollution plumes than for background conditions (71 %). Despite different source regions and emission types the particle oxygen to carbon ratio of all plume classes was around 1 indicating low-volatility highly oxygenated aerosol. The volume size distribution of out-of-plume aerosol showed markedly smaller modes than all other distributions with two Aitken mode diameters of 24 and 43 nm and a geometric standard deviation σ g of 1.12 and 1.22, respectively, while another very broad mode was found at 490 nm (σ g = 2.35). Nearly pure BB particles from North America exhibited an Aitken mode at 66 nm (σ g = 1.46) and an accumulation mode diameter of 392 nm (σ g = 1.76). An aerosol lifetime, including all processes from emission to detection, in the range between 7 and 11 days was derived for North American emissions.

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“…The pattern for the long range transport aerosol sample [sample-10], having tracers found in coal fly ash, is almost totally resolved from that of the urban aerosol samples. Note that the multivariate signatures represent a powerful generalization of the "element ratio" technique that has been applied to identify source regions in cases of long range pollution (Rahn and McCaffrey 1980). It is expected that the multivariate signature developed in this work will serve as a prototype for future investigations of regional and global aerosol where such signatures may be used for the unique identification of local and regional aerosol sources.…”

Section: Early "Low-level" Atmospheric Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Multidisciplinary Frontiers of¹⁴C Aerosol Science

Currie¹

2000

Radiocarbon

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ABSTRACT.A review is given of some critical events in the development of radiocarbon aerosol science, and the profound influence of radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on its current applications and future prospects. The birth of this discipline occurred shortly after the initial development of 14 C dating. Unlike dating, which is founded on the continual decay of 14 C and the resulting full range of 14 C/ 12 C ratios in once-living matter, 14 C applications to atmospheric aerosol research relate primarily to the determination of mixing ratios of fossil and biomass components. Such determinations have come to have major importance in work ranging from the resolution of woodburning and motor vehicle components of urban particulate pollution, to the apportionment of radiation-forcing (black) particulate carbon from natural wildfires and anthropogenic regional plumes. The development of this area has paralleled that of AMS itself, with the one or the other alternately serving as the driving force, in a sort of counterpoint. The remarkable million-fold improvement in sensitivity made possible by AMS has become critical in meeting rapidly emerging societal concerns with the origins and effects of individual carbonaceous species on health and climate.

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ON THE ORIGIN AND TRANSPORT OF THE WINTER ARCTIC AEROSOL^*

Cited by 208 publications

References 7 publications

Interpretation of Arctic aerosol properties using cluster analysis applied to observations in the Svalbard area

Interpretation of Arctic aerosol properties using cluster analysis applied to observations in the Svalbard area

Source identification and airborne chemical characterisation of aerosol pollution from long-range transport over Greenland during POLARCAT summer campaign 2008

Evolution and Multidisciplinary Frontiers of¹⁴C Aerosol Science

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ON THE ORIGIN AND TRANSPORT OF THE WINTER ARCTIC AEROSOL*

Cited by 208 publications

References 7 publications

Interpretation of Arctic aerosol properties using cluster analysis applied to observations in the Svalbard area

Interpretation of Arctic aerosol properties using cluster analysis applied to observations in the Svalbard area

Source identification and airborne chemical characterisation of aerosol pollution from long-range transport over Greenland during POLARCAT summer campaign 2008

Evolution and Multidisciplinary Frontiers of14C Aerosol Science

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ON THE ORIGIN AND TRANSPORT OF THE WINTER ARCTIC AEROSOL^*

Evolution and Multidisciplinary Frontiers of¹⁴C Aerosol Science