On the Origin of AMS “Cooking Organic Aerosol” at a Rural Site

Dall’Osto, Manuel; Paglione, Marco; Decesari, Stefano; Facchini, Maria Cristina; O’Dowd, Colin; Plass-Duellmer, C.; Harrison, Roy M.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b02922

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Unlike the morning and evening rush hour peaks of HOA, COA presented a small peak at noon and a large peak in the evening, corresponding to the lunch and dinner times of local residents (Fig. 44 However, as the observation data is limited, we cannot identify if they are inuential during this period. According to previous studies, the relative ion intensities of m/z 55 and 57 in the organic mass fragments could also be used to distinguish COA from HOA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

The “Parade Blue”: effects of short-term emission control on aerosol chemistry

Zhang

Duan

et al. 2016

Faraday Discuss.

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The strict control on emissions implemented in Beijing, China, during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade (V-day Parade) to commemorate the 70(th) Anniversary of Victory in World War II, provided a good opportunity to investigate the relationship between emission sources and aerosol chemistry in a heavily polluted megacity. From August 11 to September 3, 2015, an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor was deployed in urban Beijing, together with other collocated instruments, for the real-time measurement of submicron aerosol characteristics. The average PM1 mass concentration was 11.3 (±6.7) μg m(-3) during the V-day Parade, 63.5% lower than that before the V-day Parade. Differently to the relatively smaller decrease of organics (53%), secondary inorganic aerosols (sulfate, nitrate and ammonium) showed significant reductions of 65-78% during the V-day Parade. According to the positive matrix factorization results, primary organic aerosol (POA) from traffic and cooking emissions decreased by 41.5% during the parade, whereas secondary organic aerosol (SOA) presented a much greater reduction (59%). The net effectiveness of emission control measures was investigated further under comparable weather conditions before and during the parade. By excluding the effects of meteorological parameters, the total PM1 mass was reduced by 52-57% because of the emission controls. Although the mass concentrations of aerosol species were reduced substantially, the PM1 bulk composition was similar before and during the control period as a consequence of synergetic control of various precursors. The emission restrictions also suppressed the secondary formation processes of sulfate and nitrate, indicated by the substantially reduced SOR and NOR (molar ratios of sulfate or nitrate to the sums of the sulfate and SO2 or nitrate and NO2) during the event. The study also explored the influence of emission controls on the evolution of organic aerosol using the mass ratios of SOA/POA and oxygen-to-carbon ratios. The results showed that for northwesterly airflows, emission restrictions during the V-day Parade also reduced the oxidation degree of organic aerosol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

The “Parade Blue”: effects of short-term emission control on aerosol chemistry

Zhang

Duan

et al. 2016

Faraday Discuss.

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“…The knowledge on the transformation of COA in the atmosphere is limited (Dall'Osto et al, 2015). The reductive alkyl fragment ions are abundant in the MS of COA (Figs.…”

Section: Investigating Oa Sources With Pmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dall'Osto et al (2015) considered that the COA factors at a rural site contained more sources other than cooking emissions, based on the good correlations between COA with HOA, BC, NO x , nitrate, etc. The UC coefficients (Ulbrich et al, 2009) between the MS of resolved COA factors in this study and the average MS of COA in previous studies (Lanz et al, 2008;Mohr et al, 2009; were calculated.…”

Section: Investigating Oa Sources With Pmfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations in high time-resolved chemical compositions, sources, and evolution of atmospheric submicron aerosols in the megacity Beijing

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

145

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Abstract. A severe regional haze problem in the megacity Beijing and surrounding areas, caused by fast formation and growth of fine particles, has attracted much attention in recent years. In order to investigate the secondary formation and aging process of urban aerosols, four intensive campaigns were conducted in four seasons between March 2012 and March 2013 at an urban site in Beijing (116.31 • E, 37.99 • N). An Aerodyne highresolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HRToF-AMS) was deployed to measure non-refractory chemical components of submicron particulate matter (NR-PM 1 ). The average mass concentrations of PM 1 (NR-PM 1 +black carbon) were 45.1 ± 45.8, 37.5 ± 31.0, 41.3 ± 42.7, and 81.7 ± 72.4 µg m −3 in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Organic aerosol (OA) was the most abundant component in PM 1 , accounting for 31, 33, 44, and 36 % seasonally, and secondary inorganic aerosol (SNA, sum of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) accounted for 59, 57, 43, and 55 % of PM 1 correspondingly. Based on the application of positive matrix factorization (PMF), the sources of OA were obtained, including the primary ones of hydrocarbonlike (HOA), cooking (COA), biomass burning OA (BBOA) and coal combustion OA (CCOA), and secondary component oxygenated OA (OOA). OOA, which can be split into moreoxidized (MO-OOA) and less-oxidized OOA (LO-OOA), accounted for 49, 69, 47, and 50 % in four seasons, respectively. Totally, the fraction of secondary components (OOA+SNA) contributed about 60-80 % to PM 1 , suggesting that secondary formation played an important role in the PM pollution in Beijing, and primary sources were also non-negligible. The evolution process of OA in different seasons was investigated with multiple metrics and tools. The average carbon oxidation states and other metrics show that the oxidation state of OA was the highest in summer, probably due to both strong photochemical and aqueousphase oxidations. It was indicated by the good correlations (r = 0.53-0.75, p < 0.01) between LO-OOA and odd oxygen (O x = O 3 + NO 2 ), and between MO-OOA and liquid water content in aerosols. BBOA was resolved in spring and autumn, influenced by agricultural biomass burning (e.g., field preparation burnings, straw burning after the harvest). CCOA was only identified in winter due to domestic heating. These results signified that the comprehensive management for biomass burning and coal combustion emissions is needed. High concentrations of chemical components in PM 1 in Beijing, especially in winter or in adverse meteorological conditions, suggest that further strengthening the regional emission control of primary particulate and precursors of secondary species is expected.

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“…In addition, studies based on aerosol mass spectrometer measurements have been conducted in the Po Valley, with the aim of characterizing specific phenomena (e.g. fog events, cooking aerosols) or seasons (Dall'Osto et al, 2015;Decesari et al, 2014;Gilardoni et al, 2014;Saarikoski et al, 2012). In studies dealing with long time series (entire season or year), the chemical composition of fine aerosol is generally measured with a relatively low time resolution (typically 24 h), thus preventing the study of its diurnal variation and short-lived chemical-physical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the chemical composition of the submicron aerosol and in the sources of the organic fraction at a regional background site of the Po Valley (Italy)

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Fine particulate matter (PM) levels and resulting impacts on human health are in the Po Valley (Italy) among the highest in Europe. To build effective PM abatement strategies, it is necessary to characterize fine PM chemical composition, sources and atmospheric processes on long timescales (> months), with short time resolution (< day), and with particular emphasis on the predominant organic fraction. Although previous studies have been conducted in this region, none of them addressed all these aspects together. For the first time in the Po Valley, we investigate the chemical composition of nonrefractory submicron PM (NR-PM1) with a time resolution of 30 min at the regional background site of Ispra during 1 full year, using the Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) under the most up-to-date and stringent quality assurance protocol. The identification of the main components of the organic fraction is made using the Multilinear-Engine 2 algorithm implemented within the latest version of the SoFi toolkit. In addition, with the aim of a potential implementation of ACSM measurements in European air quality networks as a replacement of traditional filter-based techniques, parallel multiple offline analyses were carried out to assess the performance of the ACSM in the determination of PM chemical species regulated by air quality directives. The annual NR-PM1 level monitored at the study site (14.2 µg m−3) is among the highest in Europe and is even comparable to levels reported in urban areas like New York City and Tokyo. On the annual basis, submicron particles are primarily composed of organic aerosol (OA, 58 % of NR-PM1). This fraction was apportioned into oxygenated OA (OOA, 66 %), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA, 11 % of OA) and biomass burning OA (BBOA, 23 %). Among the primary sources of OA, biomass burning (23 %) is thus bigger than fossil fuel combustion (11 %). Significant contributions of aged secondary organic aerosol (OOA) are observed throughout the year. The unexpectedly high degree of oxygenation estimated during wintertime is probably due to the contribution of secondary BBOA and the enhancement of aqueous-phase production of OOA during cold months. BBOA and nitrate are the only components of which contributions increase with the NR-PM1 levels. Therefore, biomass burning and NOx emission reductions would be particularly efficient in limiting submicron aerosol pollution events. Abatement strategies conducted during cold seasons appear to be more efficient than annual-based policies. In a broader context, further studies using high-time-resolution analytical techniques on a long-term basis for the characterization of fine aerosol should help better shape our future air quality policies, which constantly need refinement.

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On the Origin of AMS “Cooking Organic Aerosol” at a Rural Site

Cited by 44 publications

References 62 publications

The “Parade Blue”: effects of short-term emission control on aerosol chemistry

The “Parade Blue”: effects of short-term emission control on aerosol chemistry

Seasonal variations in high time-resolved chemical compositions, sources, and evolution of atmospheric submicron aerosols in the megacity Beijing

Variations in the chemical composition of the submicron aerosol and in the sources of the organic fraction at a regional background site of the Po Valley (Italy)

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