On the Origin of Chirality in Nanoplasmonic Gyroid Metamaterials

Oh, Suhk Kun; Demetriadou, Angela; Wuestner, Sebastian; Hess, Ortwin

doi:10.1002/adma.201202788

Cited by 88 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The single-gyroid material (of a given fixed handedness) has been clearly shown to discriminate between LH and RH circular polarized light (13,14,38,41,42). Given the prevalence of the LH enantiomer of the single gyroid and the frequent occurrence of the <001> inclination [being the sole direction with strong circular dichroism (12,23)], the wing scales of C. rubi fulfill the prerequisites for the existence of an optical circular polarization signal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of both gyroid chiralities in individual butterfly wing scales of Callophrys rubi

Winter

Butz

Dieker

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The wing scales of the Green Hairstreak butterfly Callophrys rubi consist of crystalline domains with sizes of a few micrometers, which exhibit a congenitally handed porous chitin microstructure identified as the chiral triply periodic single-gyroid structure. Here, the chirality and crystallographic texture of these domains are investigated by means of electron tomography. The tomograms unambiguously reveal the coexistence of the two enantiomeric forms of opposite handedness: the left-and right-handed gyroids. These two enantiomers appear with nonequal probabilities, implying that molecularly chiral constituents of the biological formation process presumably invoke a chiral symmetry break, resulting in a preferred enantiomeric form of the gyroid structure. Assuming validity of the formation model proposed by Ghiradella H (1989) J Morphol 202(1): 69-88 and Saranathan V, et al. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(26):11676-11681, where the two enantiomeric labyrinthine domains of the gyroid are connected to the extracellular and intra-SER spaces, our findings imply that the structural chirality of the single gyroid is, however, not caused by the molecular chirality of chitin. Furthermore, the wing scales are found to be highly textured, with a substantial fraction of domains exhibiting the <001> directions of the gyroid crystal aligned parallel to the scale surface normal. Both findings are needed to completely understand the photonic purpose of the single gyroid in gyroid-forming butterflies. More importantly, they show the level of control that morphogenesis exerts over secondary features of biological nanostructures, such as chirality or crystallographic texture, providing inspiration for biomimetic replication strategies for synthetic self-assembly mechanisms.electron tomography | chirality | crystallographic texture | photonic crystal | butterfly wing scales A lthough the formation of chiral structures is fascinating, their occurrence can often be rationalized by simple energy or free energy considerations without a need to resort to their possible biological origin. For example, handed structures are observed in the simplest models of phyllotaxis (1) and self-assembly of biological fibers (2). In such models, there is no energetic distinction between and hence, a balance of the two enantiomers [that is, the right-handed (RH) and left-handed (LH) versions of the chiral structure]. Chiral symmetry breaking, the process by which one enantiomer occurs exclusively or with prevalence, is commonly observed in biological materials on a range of scales from molecular dimensions and the structure of DNA to the macroscopic size of snails (3). The dominance of one enantiomer is driven by the presence of a force or molecular building block that favors one enantiomer over the other; constituent chiral molecules (4), genetically controlled molecular pathways (3), and biological generation of torque (5) are possible causes.Here, we investigate the chiral symmetry breaking of the singlegyroid structure, a complex network-lik...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of both gyroid chiralities in individual butterfly wing scales of Callophrys rubi

Winter

Butz

Dieker

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Most recently, the development of bottom-up technologies, based on block copolymer self-assembly followed by electrodeposition, has allowed the realization of nanoplasmonic gyroid metamaterial 16 . In this particular structure, the presence of a network of multiple interconnected helical wires with opposite handedness provides 3D chirality in the visible range 17 , which has been explained by a simplified 3D-oriented helical metamaterial model 18,19 . These results suggest further exploitation of this chiral geometry towards the achievement of additional, integrated, chiro-optical properties such as broadband circular dichroism (CD) in the visible range, high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio (to preserve the polarization state of the transmitted light) and high optical activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple-helical nanowires by tomographic rotatory growth for chiral photonics

et al. 2015

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Three dimensional helical chiral metamaterials resulted in effective manipulation of circularly polarized light in the visible infrared for advanced nanophotonics. Their potentialities are severely limited by the lack of full rotational symmetry preventing broadband operation, high signal-to-noise ratio and inducing high optical activity sensitivity to structure orientation. Complex intertwined three dimensional structures such as multiple-helical nanowires could overcome these limitations, allowing the achievement of several chiro-optical effects combining chirality and isotropy. Here we report three dimensional triple-helical nanowires, engineered by the innovative tomographic rotatory growth, on the basis of focused ion beam-induced deposition. These three dimensional nanostructures show up to 37% of circular dichroism in a broad range (500-1,000 nm), with a high signal-to-noise ratio (up to 24 dB). Optical activity of up to 8°only due to the circular birefringence is also shown, tracing the way towards chiral photonic devices that can be integrated in optical nanocircuits to modulate the visible light polarization.

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“…Mesh and voxel representation of photonic crystals with a single gyroid structure: (a) the single gyroid geometry [21,22], which has attracted recent attention as a photonic material [5,[23][24][25][26][27], is a two-phase geometry with cubic symmetry with a solid (gray) and a void (transparent) component, each of which forms a labyrinth-or network-like component; (b) a commonly-used representation (e.g., in the MIT packages MEEP [28] or MBP [17]) is the voxelised "LEGO -like" representation, where space is represented by a regular voxel grid with each voxel being either solid or void; this representation always leads to stair-case errors; see, in particular, the Appendix of [18]; (c) a representation of the geometry by a mesh (or triangulation) representing the interface between solid and void yields more accurate geometric representations.…”

Section: Evanescent Modes Bloch Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each Bragg order i, we define the orthonormal planar basis e piq 1 " pk `G q{|k `G | and e piq 2 " n intˆe1 with the surface normal n int of the interface between air and PhC. Using this basis, the entries of the vacuum field matrices can be expressed by: (27) where i, j denote the different Bragg orders, and the 4ˆ2 field matrix for each Bragg order:…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bloch Modes and Evanescent Modes of Photonic Crystals: Weak Form Solutions Based on Accurate Interface Triangulation

Saba

Schröder‐Turk

2015

Crystals

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We propose a new approach to calculate the complex photonic band structure, both purely dispersive and evanescent Bloch modes of a finite range, of arbitrary three-dimensional photonic crystals. Our method, based on a well-established plane wave expansion and the weak form solution of Maxwell's equations, computes the Fourier components of periodic structures composed of distinct homogeneous material domains from a triangulated mesh representation of the inter-material interfaces; this allows substantially more accurate representations of the geometry of complex photonic crystals than the conventional representation by a cubic voxel grid. Our method works for general two-phase composite materials, consisting of bi-anisotropic materials with tensor-valued dielectric and magnetic permittivities ε and µ and coupling matrices ζ. We demonstrate for the Bragg mirror and a simple cubic crystal closely related to the Kelvin foam that relatively small numbers of Fourier components are sufficient to yield good convergence of the eigenvalues, making this method viable, despite its computational complexity. As an application, we use the single gyroid crystal to demonstrate that the consideration of both conventional and evanescent Bloch modes is necessary to predict the key features of the reflectance spectrum by analysis of the band structure, in particular for light incident along the cubic [111] direction.

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On the Origin of Chirality in Nanoplasmonic Gyroid Metamaterials

Cited by 88 publications

References 39 publications

Coexistence of both gyroid chiralities in individual butterfly wing scales of Callophrys rubi

Coexistence of both gyroid chiralities in individual butterfly wing scales of Callophrys rubi

Triple-helical nanowires by tomographic rotatory growth for chiral photonics

Bloch Modes and Evanescent Modes of Photonic Crystals: Weak Form Solutions Based on Accurate Interface Triangulation

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