On the origin of failure waves in glass

Abstract

Articles you may be interested inAcoustic emission analysis on tensile failure of steam-side oxide scales formed on T22 alloy superheater tubesThe compressive failure of soda-lime glass under uniaxial shock loading has been the subject of much recent discussion. Evidence of failure occurring behind a traveling boundary that follows a shock front has been accumulated and verified in several laboratories. Such a boundary has been called a failure wave. The variations in material properties across this front include complete loss of tensile strength, reduction in shear strength, lowered acoustic impedance and sound speed, and opacity to light. It in many ways resembles a phase boundary. While these observations are generally held to be true, there is no universally agreed mechanism for the process or processes that gives rise to the failure. It is the object of this work to present the results of plate impact experiments that aim to identify the mechanism by which the failure wave propagates. The experiments indicate that the failure is nucleated by the shock wave at surfaces, and that deliberately introducing flaws by roughening the surface speeds the fracture of the material leading to a failure wave close to the shock front.

On the Shock Response of Polymers to Extreme Loading

“…Nevertheless there are features of the behaviour that are due to this asymmetry in the flow in both the other classes of materials. In metals this is seen in variation of microhardness in material in the hundreds of microns near the impact face, whilst in brittle ceramics, fracture waves are initiated when the impact is asymmetric that are not present in the symmetric case [71,72]. In polymers the surface zone is of a different nature since in this case the response is dominated by densification of the initial open structure; by Van de Waals forces in thermoplastics or compressing cross-linking bonds in thermosets.…”

Origin of compression-induced failure in brittle solids under shock loading

“…The preexisting defects simply reduce the threshold impact velocity, facilitate damage dynamics and increase failure wave velocity. The seemingly conflicting phenomena observed in previous experiments, including incubation time 17 , failure wave velocity variations 18,46 , and surface roughness effects 7,12 , can all be explained consistently with nucleation and growth of microdamage, and the effects of loading strength and preexisitng defects.…”

“…The flyer plates are made of oxygen-free high purity Cu, and the samples, optical-quality 7,16 . We also perform validation shots with the adhesive layer parallel to the loading direction, and observe that deformation of the particle layer is indistinguishable from that of its surroundings and has little influence on the propagation of the shock and failure waves.…”

Experimental Research on Failure Waves in Soda-Lime Glass

“…Over the last two decades, a lot of studies on the formation mechanism and propagation law of failure wave have been opened [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Thereinto, experimental investigations on the failure wave in glasses were performed by various kinds of experimental techniques such as the VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector) technique [2,[10][11][12], the High-speed photography technique [3,13], the piezo-resistance stress gauge technique [14,15], the strain gauge technique [16,17], and so on.…”