On the origin of geochemical anomalies in groundwaters induced by the Adana 1998 earthquake

Woith, Heiko; Wang, Rongjiang; Maiwald, U.; Pekdeger, A.; Zschau, Jochen

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.10.012

Cited by 49 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The preseismic, coseismic, and postseismic changes observable in groundwater can be attributed to several factors originating from (1) strain and/or rupture along faults or fractures changing the properties of the aquifer containing that groundwater (Reddy et al, ; Woith et al, ), (2) dilation of surface rock from shaking that promotes release of locally stagnant fluids (Charmoille et al, ; Pasvanoglu et al, ), (3) dilation and mixing of different aquifer water (Skelton et al, ), (4) deep‐seated geothermal fluids released during dilation of rocks at depth (Barberio et al, ), or (5) release of deep‐seated gases through dilation or fault rupture caused by overpressurization in geologic traps (Chiodini et al, ). These possible mechanisms can occur in any rock type, but only some water quality changes have been well documented in fractured carbonate aquifers (Table ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Earthquake‐Induced Chemical and Fluid Transport to Carbonate Groundwater Springs After Earthquakes

Rosen

Binda

Archer

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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Mechanisms by which hydrochemical changes occur after earthquakes are not well documented. We use the 2016–2017 central Italy seismic sequence, which caused notable hydrochemical transient variations in groundwater springs to address this topic, with special reference to effects on fractured carbonate aquifers. Hydrochemistry measured before and after the earthquakes at four springs at varying distances from the epicenters all showed immediate postmainshock peaks in trace element concentrations but little change in major elements. Most parameters returned to preearthquake values before the last events of the seismic sequence. The source of solutes, particularly trace elements, is longer residence time pore water stored in slow‐moving fractures or abandoned karstic flow paths. These fluids were expelled into the main flow paths after an increase in pore pressure, hydraulic conductivity, and shaking from coseismic aquifer stress. The weak response to the later earthquakes is explained by progressive depletion of high solute fluids as earlier shocks flushed out the stored fluids in the fractures. Spring δ13CDIC values closest to a deep magma source to the west became enriched relative to preearthquake values following the 24 August event. This enrichment indicates input from deeply sourced dissolved CO2 gas after dilation of specific fault conduits. Differences in carbon isotopic responses between springs are attributed to proximity to the deep gaseous CO2 source. Most of the transient chemical changes seen in the three fractured carbonate aquifers are attributed to local shaking and emptying of isolated pores and fractures and are not from rapid upward movement of deep fluids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Earthquake‐Induced Chemical and Fluid Transport to Carbonate Groundwater Springs After Earthquakes

Rosen

Binda

Archer

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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“…The short-term hydrogeochemical precursors for earthquakes (King et al, 1995;Favara et al, 2001;Quattrocchi et al, 2003;Du et al, 2008;Dadomo et al, 2009), the co-seismic response of hydrochemistry Yang et al, 2006;Reddy et al, 2011) and post-seismic geochemical changes in hot springs have been observed throughout the world (Thomas, 1988;Woith et al, 2013;Italiano et al, 2010;Zhou et al, 2010;Malakootian and Nouri, 2010;İnan et al, 2012). Claesson et al (2004) observed changes in multicomponent constituents and δ 18 O of groundwater due to a seismic event (M = 5.1) in northern Iceland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical characteristics of hot spring waters in the Kangding district related to the Lushan <i>M</i><sub>S</sub> = 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan, China

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2015

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Hydrogeochemistry of 10 hot springs in the Kangding district was investigated by analyzing cation and anion concentrations in the spring water. The water samples were collected in the 5 days after the Lushan M S = 7.0 earthquake, which occurred on 20 April 2013. The spring waters are classified into seven chemical types based on their hydrochemical compositions. Compared with hydrochemical data before the Lushan earthquake, concentrations of Ca 2+ , HCO − 3 and total dissolved solid (TDS) in water samples from the Guanding, Erdaoqiao, Gonghe, Erhaoying, Tianwanhe and Caoke springs significantly increased, which may be the result of a greater increase in groundwater from carbonate rocks, and water-carbonate rock interactions, enhanced by the increment of CO 2 . Concentrations of Na + , Cl − and SO 2− 4 in water samples from the Guanding, Zheduotang, Xinxing and Gonghe springs decreased, indicating a dilution of shallow waters. Concentrations of Na + and SO 2− 4 in water samples from the Erhaoying spring water increased, which may be attributed to water-granite interactions enhanced by H 2 S. The results indicated that hydrochemical components of spring water could be used as an effective indicator for earthquakes.

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“…As we have identified several potential mechanisms to create a deep source of isotopically light Fe, we can explore the possibility of mixing of different water sources facilitated by earthquake activity due to opening of new pathways for water in the subsurface, as previously observed [e.g., Poitrasson et al, ; Toutain et al, ; Woith et al, ; Skelton et al, ; Bachura and Fischer , ]. Here we test if a simple two‐end‐member mixing of varying amounts of water from the surface (δ 56 Fe = +0.13 ± 0.03‰ 2SD, n = 3, Table ) with highly mineralized water from the deep granite aquifer can explain the negative anomalies observed in the Fe isotope data set (Figure c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Earthquake impact on iron isotope signatures recorded in mineral spring water

Schuessler

Kämpf

Koch³

et al. 2016

JGR Solid Earth

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We investigated the iron isotope signatures of dissolved Fe in the water of the Wettinquelle mineral spring (Bad Brambach, Germany) by time series sampling covering seismically active periods related to tectonic activity near the Eger Rift system in central Europe. Our objective was to test whether Fe isotopes trace earthquake‐induced abiotic and biotic changes in the fluid/rock interaction of the deep, fissured, granitic aquifer. We found that the dissolved Fe isotope signatures in spring water are distinct from the granitic source signature (δ56Fe = +0.09‰). Particularly, we discovered that water δ56Fe values are remarkably stable (−0.01 ± 0.11‰, 2SD, n = 4) before and during a strong seismic swarm period in 2000 (local magnitudes ML > 3), while O2 and H2 concentrations in water decrease and dissolved Fe content increases. Later, recurring events of lower δ56Fe values down to −0.3‰ are observed in the period from 2001 to 2003 with intermittent seismic events (1 < ML < 3.2). The observations indicate a time lag between tectonic forcing and Fe isotope response. The role of abiotic fluid/rock interaction and Fe‐utilizing bacteria identified in the mineral spring water on Fe isotope fractionation is discussed. We explain recurring changes toward isotopically lighter values by a combination of Fe dissolution from deep granite and admixture of isotopically light Fe generated by a complex combination of abiotic and biotic processes operating in the aquifer when disturbed by swarm earthquakes events. We propose a conceptual model scenario of earthquake‐triggered changes in biogeochemical processes.

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On the origin of geochemical anomalies in groundwaters induced by the Adana 1998 earthquake

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Mechanisms of Earthquake‐Induced Chemical and Fluid Transport to Carbonate Groundwater Springs After Earthquakes

Mechanisms of Earthquake‐Induced Chemical and Fluid Transport to Carbonate Groundwater Springs After Earthquakes

Hydrochemical characteristics of hot spring waters in the Kangding district related to the Lushan <i>M</i><sub>S</sub> = 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan, China

Earthquake impact on iron isotope signatures recorded in mineral spring water

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On the origin of geochemical anomalies in groundwaters induced by the Adana 1998 earthquake

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Mechanisms of Earthquake‐Induced Chemical and Fluid Transport to Carbonate Groundwater Springs After Earthquakes

Mechanisms of Earthquake‐Induced Chemical and Fluid Transport to Carbonate Groundwater Springs After Earthquakes

Hydrochemical characteristics of hot spring waters in the Kangding district related to the Lushan &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;S&lt;/sub&gt; = 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan, China

Earthquake impact on iron isotope signatures recorded in mineral spring water

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Hydrochemical characteristics of hot spring waters in the Kangding district related to the Lushan <i>M</i><sub>S</sub> = 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan, China