On the Origin of Species Through Heteropatric Differentiation: A Review and a Model of Speciation in Migratory Animals

Abstract

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Phenotypic divergence during speciation is inversely associated with differences in seasonal migration

“…These results are in line with several recent reviews [1][2][3][4][5][6] highlighting both the role migration plays in generating diversity worldwide and the importance of considering the complex life history of migratory birds in models of speciation [2]. Differences in the life history of migrants (versus residents) that should be considered in models of speciation include the time they spend on migration and the wintering grounds and adaptations associated with the ability to migrate [2]. Our findings also highlight the importance of considering the geographical histories of temperate species and potential for differential fusion in explaining patterns of differentiation across taxa.…”

“…Seasonal migration has been proposed as an important driver of population differentiation, reproductive isolation, and speciation [1][2][3][4][5][6]. One set of hypotheses on this topic is derived from cases of 'migratory divides', in which closely related but somewhat differentiated populations breed adjacent to one another but use different migratory routes.…”

Ancestry and evolution of seasonal migration in the Parulidae

“…Migratory behaviour has been suggested to either dampen [4,11] or promote [14,59] speciation. Therefore, we used the binary-state speciation and extinction (BiSSE) model [51] as implemented in DIVERSITREE to test the influence of the binary migration characters on speciation and extinction rates, as well as the inferred character history of migration under models that incorporate character-dependent diversification rates.…”

Mechanisms Associated with an Advance in the Timing of Seasonal Reproduction in an Urban Songbird

“…Heteropatry-where closely related populations coexist during the non-breeding season (e.g., fall, winter, and /or early spring) yet pursue independent phenological and geographical trajectories during breeding-provides a unique opportunity to address the physiological mechanisms that underlie reproductive timing differences between populations (Winker, 2010;Ketterson et al, 2015;Bauer et al, 2016;Fudickar et al, 2016a,b;Greives et al, 2016;Ramenofsky et al, 2017). Broadly distributed avian species often have heteropatric distributions, in which some populations migrate while others do not (Winker, 2010).…”

“…Broadly distributed avian species often have heteropatric distributions, in which some populations migrate while others do not (Winker, 2010). Despite experiencing the same photoperiodic and supplementary cues for much of the annual cycle (e.g., from the time that migrants arrive in the fall until they depart in the spring), there is often distinct phenological divergence in spring, when sedentary individuals transition into breeding, while migrants delay reproduction and prepare for and complete a migration before breeding.…”