On the origin of the nucleus: a hypothesis

Baum, Buzz; Spang, Anja

doi:10.1128/mmbr.00186-21

Cited by 4 publications

References 217 publications

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Diverse Genome Structures among Eukaryotes May Have Arisen in Response to Genetic Conflict

Sterner,

Cote-L’Heureux,

Maurer-Alcalá

et al. 2024

Genome Biology and Evolution

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In contrast to the typified view of genomes cycling only between haploidy and diploidy, there is evidence from across the tree of life of genome dynamics that alter both copy number (i.e. ploidy) and chromosome complements. Here we highlight examples of such processes, including endoreplication, aneuploidy, inheritance of extrachromosomal DNA, and chromatin extrusion. Synthesizing data on eukaryotic genome dynamics in diverse extant lineages suggests the possibility that such processes were present before the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). While present in some prokaryotes, these features appear exaggerated in eukaryotes where they are regulated by eukaryote-specific innovations including the nucleus, complex cytoskeleton, and synaptonemal complex. Based on these observations, we propose a model by which genome conflict drove the transformation of genomes during eukaryogenesis: from the origin of eukaryotes (i.e. FECA) through the evolution of LECA.

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Diverse Genome Structures among Eukaryotes May Have Arisen in Response to Genetic Conflict

Sterner,

Cote-L’Heureux,

Maurer-Alcalá

et al. 2024

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Cryo-EM Structures ofSaccharolobus solfataricusInitiation Complexes with Leaderless mRNAs Highlight Archaeal Features and Eukaryotic Proximity

Bourgeois,

Coureux,

Lazennec-Schurdevin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The archaeal ribosome is of the eukaryotic type. Genomic and phylogenetic studies have indicated that TACK and Asgard, the closest relatives of eukaryotes, have ribosomes containing eukaryotic ribosomal proteins not found in other archaeal branches, eS25, eS26 and eS30. In our study, we investigated the case ofSaccharolobus solfataricus, a crenarchaeon belonging to the TACK branch, which mainly uses leaderless mRNAs. We characterized the small ribosomal subunit ofS. solfataricusbound to SD-leadered or leaderless mRNAs (lmRNAs). Cryo-EM structures show for the first time archaeal versions of eS25, eS26 and eS30 proteins bound to the small subunit. In addition, we identify two novel ribosomal proteins named aS33 and aS34 as well as a domain of eS6, that highlight the diversity of archaeal ribosomes. Leaderless mRNAs are bound to the small ribosomal subunit, and the 5’-triphosphate group contributes to their binding. Archaeal eS26 is in the mRNA exit channel wrapped around the 3’ end of ribosomal RNA, as it is in eukaryotes. Its position is not compatible with an SD:antiSD duplex in the mRNA exit channel. Overall, our results suggest a role of eS26 in translation regulation and possible evolutionary routes from archaeal to eukaryotic translation.

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Tissue-Like Multicellular Development Triggered by Mechanical Compression in Archaea

Rados,

Leland,

Escudeiro

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The advent of clonal multicellularity is a critical evolutionary milestone, seen often in eukaryotes, rarely in bacteria, and - until now - never in archaea. We show that uniaxial compression induces clonal multicellularity in haloarchaea, forming tissue-like structures. These archaeal tissues are mechanically and molecularly distinct from their unicellular lifestyle, mimicking several eukaryotic features. Notably, archaeal tissues undergo a coenocytic stage followed by a tubulin-independent cellularization, orchestrated by active membrane tension at a critical cell size. Past cellularization, tissues are organized into two cell types - apical and basal scutoids - with junction elasticity akin to animal tissues, with actin and protein glycosylation as fiducial polarity markers. Our findings highlight the remarkable biophysical potential of convergent evolution in the emergence of multicellular systems across domains of life.

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On the origin of the nucleus: a hypothesis

Cited by 4 publications

References 217 publications

Diverse Genome Structures among Eukaryotes May Have Arisen in Response to Genetic Conflict

Diverse Genome Structures among Eukaryotes May Have Arisen in Response to Genetic Conflict

Cryo-EM Structures ofSaccharolobus solfataricusInitiation Complexes with Leaderless mRNAs Highlight Archaeal Features and Eukaryotic Proximity

Tissue-Like Multicellular Development Triggered by Mechanical Compression in Archaea

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