On the origin of the lymphatic system from the veins and the development of the lymph hearts and thoracic duct in the pig

Abstract

WITH 12 TEXT FIGURES.Although considerable attention has been given of late to the study of the development of lymph glands, only two writers have led up to the discovery of the origin of the lymphatic system as a whole, Budge and Ranvier.* In 1880 Budge published an account of a canal system which he had discovered in the mesoderm of early chick embryos; and in 1887, after Budge's death, His published a further but necessarily incomplete account of this work from Budge's notes and pictures.Budge injected the false amnion of chicks three days old, and found that the fluid ran out into the area vasculosa as if in ducts. He then injected along the arteries in chicks from nine to eighteen days old and obtained beautiful injections of undoubted lymphatics. These two experiments are related to one another in the text by the following theory: Budge thought that there were two lymphatic systems, and that the first or primitive system was present in the three-day chick. He thought that the false amnion and ccelom being continuous, there were ducts within the body wall connected with the c d o m , analogous to those of the area vasculosa which he had injected from the false amnion. The ducts within the body lying along the dorsal line became pinched off from the ccelom and united to form a thoracic duct. With the thoracic duct began the second o r permanent lymphatic system, which he had injected along the arteries in nine-day chicks. This idea of relating the lymphatic system to the serous cavities has remained but a theory and the gap between the two systems of Budge has never been filled.

Lymphangiogenesis by blind‐ended vessel sprouting is concurrent with hemangiogenesis by vascular splitting

“…The lymphatics apparently remodel in response to remodeling blood vessels in many diseases and play a critical role in tumor metastasis (for example, Thomas et al, 1992;Oliver and Detmar, 2002;Saharinen et al, 2004;Kumar et al, 2005), although conclusions about the blood vasculardriven basis of lymphatic remodeling may be preliminary. As first described by Sabin (1902Sabin ( , 1904, new lymphatics grow out from primordial lymph sacs following endothelial budding from veins. Other results suggested that primary lymph sacs arise independently of the veins in the mesenchyme (Huntington and McClure, 1910).…”

Developmental and pathological lymphangiogenesis: from models to human disease

“…However, the embryonic origin of lymphatic vessels remained unclear for a long time until F. Sabin (1902Sabin ( , 1909 and F. Lewis (1905) postulated, at the beginning of the twentieth century, that LECs are derived from the venous endothelium. This "centrifugal" theory proposes that endothelial cells bud oV from the veins during early embryonic development and form primitive lymph sacs in the jugular region (reviewed by Oliver Fig.…”

Origine veineuse des vaisseaux lymphatiques chez les mammifères : L’hypothèse de Sabin vérifiée

“…Les premiers signes d'angiogenèse lymphatique sont observés dans la région jugulaire au jour embryonnaire (E) 10 chez la souris alors que le système sanguin se développe à partir de E7,5. Initialement formulée par Florence Sabin, la vision la plus communément adoptée propose une origine endothéliale vasculaire pour le réseau lymphatique [2,3]. Une hypothèse alternative suggère un assemblage à partir de cellules mésenchymateuses, suivi d'une connexion avec le système veineux [4].…”

“…L'état des connaissances sur le sujet a évolué très lentement jusqu'à l'identification récente seau et qui vont fusionner pour former les sacs lymphatiques primitifs. Cette proximité entre CE lymphatiques et CE vasculaires, couplée à l'expression de Prox1, a contribué à privilégier l'hypothèse de Sabin [2,3]. L'inactivation de Prox1 provoque l'absence de système lymphatique et la mort des embryons à E 14,5 résultant d'un blocage dans la spécification des CE lymphatiques [6].…”