On the origins and domestication of the olive: a review and perspectives

Besnard, Guillaume; Terral, Jean‐Frédéric; Cornille, Amandine

doi:10.1093/aob/mcx145

Cited by 158 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 215 publications

(344 reference statements)

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“…A similar ERH was also proposed in the past for the olive tree but genetic data sampled throughout the Mediterranean support a different scenario (Besnard et al, 2017;Breton, Tersac, & Bervillé, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In the Pleistocene, after the onset of the Mediterranean climate, it is noteworthy that a blatant thermophilous forest community with Ceratonia and Olea was identified by 1.4 Ma pollen records at Camerota (S Italy) (Olea: 10% and Ceratonia: 12% of the pollen assemblage; Brenac, 1984). Fossil data and our phylogenetic results identified carob tree as a 'pre-Mediterranean' lineage (Herrera, 1992) and its ancestors probably were widely distributed around the Tethys Sea during the Paleogene (Palamarev, 1989) in tropical forests that were impoverished by the successive extinc- Myrtus communis L. (Besnard, Terral, & Cornille, 2017;Désamoré et al, 2011;Migliore et al, 2018); but are congruent with the low plastid variation observed in Laurus nobilis L. (Rodriguez-Sanchez, Guzmán, Valido, Vargas, & Arroyo, 2009) and even higher than in Celtis occidentalis L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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A strong east–west Mediterranean divergence supports a new phylogeographic history of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Leguminosae) and multiple domestications from native populations

Viruel

Galliot

Pironon

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Phylogeography of fruit trees is challenging due to recurrent exchanges between domesticated and wild populations. Here we tested the eastern refugium hypothesis (ERH) for the carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua, which supports its natural and domestication origins in the eastern Mediterranean and a feral origin in the west. Location Mediterranean basin. Taxon Ceratonia siliqua L., Leguminosae. Methods A phylogenetic reconstruction based on two nuclear and one plastid sequences was performed to estimate the divergence time between the carob tree and its sister species, Ceratonia oreothauma. Variation from four plastid regions and 17 nuclear microsatellite loci were used to decipher genetic structure in the carob tree and to test coalescent‐based models by an Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach. We assessed our hypotheses by examining palaeobotanical records and hindcasting the past distribution of the carob tree at Mid‐Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Last Interglacial (LIG) using species distribution modelling. Results The split between C. oreothauma and C. siliqua was estimated at 6.4 Ma, and a first divergence within C. siliqua at 1.3 Ma. After a continuous presence since the Oligocene, Ceratonia was rarely found in the fossil record during the Pleistocene but present in the western and the eastern Mediterranean. Plastid and nuclear markers, characterized by low allelic richness, revealed a strong west‐east genetic structuring. ABC analyses rejected the ERH. Main conclusions Our study supports a severe population decline during LIG. The strong west–east divergence and the occurrence of four lineages within C. siliqua provided support for a new hypothesis of multiple domestications of the carob tree from native populations throughout the Mediterranean basin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

A strong east–west Mediterranean divergence supports a new phylogeographic history of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Leguminosae) and multiple domestications from native populations

Viruel

Galliot

Pironon

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Selfing in cultivated olives could indeed result from the artificial selection of self-compatible mutants over millennia, particularly via their vegetative propagation (Manrique et al, 2019;McKey, Elias, Pujol, & Duputié, 2010;Rowlands, 1964). Recurrent admixture events between divergent olive gene pools (East vs. West;Besnard, Terral, & Cornille, 2018) may also result in a huge phenological variation in the mating system of the cultivated olive, and more frequent selfing is expected in admixed individuals (as shown for instance in hybrids of ash trees and beets; Arnaud, Fénart, Cordellier, & Cuguen, 2010;Gérard, Klein, Austerlitz, Fernández-Manjarrés, & Frascaria-Lacoste, 2006). This context could also explain contrasted results reported on the genetic determinism of self-incompatibility in Mediterranean olives (Farinelli et al, 2018;Saumitou-Laprade, Vernet, Vekemans, Castric, et al, 2017).…”

Section: On the Diallelic Self-incompatibility System (Dsi) In Olivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paternity tests support a diallelic self‐incompatibility system in a wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei, Oleaceae)

Besnard

Cheptou

Debbaoui

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Self‐incompatibility (SI) is the main mechanism that favors outcrossing in plants. By limiting compatible matings, SI interferes in fruit production and breeding of new cultivars. In the Oleeae tribe (Oleaceae), an unusual diallelic SI system (DSI) has been proposed for three distantly related species including the olive (Olea europaea), but empirical evidence has remained controversial for this latter. The olive domestication is a complex process with multiple origins. As a consequence, the mixing of S‐alleles from two distinct taxa, the possible artificial selection of self‐compatible mutants and the large phenological variation of blooming may constitute obstacles for deciphering SI in olive. Here, we investigate cross‐genotype compatibilities in the Saharan wild olive (O. e. subsp. laperrinei). As this taxon was geographically isolated for thousands of years, SI should not be affected by human selection. A population of 37 mature individuals maintained in a collection was investigated. Several embryos per mother were genotyped with microsatellites in order to identify compatible fathers that contributed to fertilization. While the pollination was limited by distance inside the collection, our results strongly support the DSI hypothesis, and all individuals were assigned to two incompatibility groups (G1 and G2). No self‐fertilization was observed in our conditions. In contrast, crosses between full or half siblings were frequent (ca. 45%), which is likely due to a nonrandom assortment of related trees in the collection. Finally, implications of our results for orchard management and the conservation of olive genetic resources are discussed.

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“…GenBank accession number of complete plastomes and mitogenomes is indicated. For the six olive accessions, the cytoplasmic DNA lineage and haplotypes (according to Besnard et al, 2007Besnard et al, , 2018 Accessions only used for the assembly of 52 conserved mitochondrial DNA regions (Table S6). indels) and their lower sequencing depth compared to their plastid homologues (for the detailed procedure, see Van de Paer et al, 2016).…”

Section: Assembly Annotation Of Organellar Dna and Identification mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects on the evolutionary mitogenomics of plants: A case study on the olive family (Oleaceae)

Paer

Bouchez²,

Besnard

2017

Molecular Ecology Resources

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The mitogenome is rarely used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of plants, contrary to nuclear and plastid markers. Here, we evaluate the usefulness of mitochondrial DNA for molecular evolutionary studies in Oleaceae, in which cases of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and of potentially contrasted organelle inheritance are known. We compare the diversity and the evolution of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes by focusing on the olive complex and related genera. Using high-throughput techniques, we reconstructed complete mitogenomes (ca. 0.7 Mb) and plastomes (ca. 156 kb) for six olive accessions and one Chionanthus. A highly variable organization of mitogenomes was observed at the species level. In olive, two specific chimeric genes were identified in the mitogenome of lineage E3 and may be involved in CMS. Plastid-derived regions (mtpt) were observed in all reconstructed mitogenomes. Through phylogenetic reconstruction, we demonstrate that multiple integrations of mtpt regions have occurred in Oleaceae, but mtpt regions shared by all members of the olive complex derive from a common ancestor. We then assembled 52 conserved mitochondrial gene regions and complete plastomes of ten additional accessions belonging to tribes Oleeae, Fontanesieae and Forsythieae. Phylogenetic congruence between topologies based on mitochondrial regions and plastomes suggests a strong disequilibrium linkage between both organellar genomes. Finally, while phylogenetic reconstruction based on plastomes fails to resolve the evolutionary history of maternal olive lineages in the Mediterranean area, their phylogenetic relationships were successfully resolved with complete mitogenomes. Overall, our study demonstrates the great potential of using mitochondrial DNA in plant phylogeographic and metagenomic studies.

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On the origins and domestication of the olive: a review and perspectives

Cited by 158 publications

References 215 publications

A strong east–west Mediterranean divergence supports a new phylogeographic history of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Leguminosae) and multiple domestications from native populations

A strong east–west Mediterranean divergence supports a new phylogeographic history of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Leguminosae) and multiple domestications from native populations

Paternity tests support a diallelic self‐incompatibility system in a wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei, Oleaceae)

Prospects on the evolutionary mitogenomics of plants: A case study on the olive family (Oleaceae)

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