On the oxidative ageing mechanism and its effect on asphalt mixtures morphology

Das, Prabir Kumar; Balieu, Romain; Kringos, Nicole; Birgisson, Björn

doi:10.1617/s11527-014-0385-5

Cited by 61 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Under sufficient supply of reactive oxygen species in the atmosphere, the oxidative ageing reaction causes the bituminous binder to become stiffer, less temperature susceptible and more brittle, mostly agreed to be upon increasing association among polar components of the binder. While the rheological behavior of bitumen and its change with ageing on the macro-level has been extensively studied in the last decades [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and sophisticated models have been developed to describe the complex behavior of this material [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], the chemical composition of bitumen, its changes with ageing, and in-depth analysis of its impact on the mechanical behavior, is still subject to studying [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and intrigue many researchers in chemistry and civil materials engineering fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

Porot²,

et al. 2018

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This RILEM round robin study with nine participating laboratories investigated bitumen ageing, its effect on chemical properties and its reproducibility. The impact of temperature used for shortterm (RTFOT) binder ageing on the combined shortand long-term (PAV) aged samples was investigated; thereby the effect of reduced mixing temperature such as those relevant for warm mix asphalt technologies on long term ageing was examined. Four 70/100 penetration graded bituminous binders from different sources were selected. In addition to the standard RTFOT temperature of 163°C, two additional temperatures, 143 and 123°C were used. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out using an integration method which considers the area below the absorbance spectrum around a band maximum using baseline and tangential approaches. A statistical investigation into the reproducibility of FTIR spectra analysis based on the accumulated data was done. To assess the reproducibility, the coefficient of variation (CV) was taken as a benchmark parameter. Carbonyl and sulfoxide indices were calculated using different baseline correction methods and tangential and baseline integration, respectively. It was shown that the tangential method was not influenced by the applied baseline correction. However, in all considered cases, the tangential method led to significantly worse reproducibility (CVs ranging from 20 to 120%) compared 10.1617/s11527-018-1170-7 to the baseline method. The sulfoxide indices calculated by both methods were not affected by the baseline correction method used. Impacts of changes in the short-term ageing temperature on short-or longterm aged samples could not be found whereas differences between different binder sources could be detected. RTFOT temperature and therefore mix production temperature had a stronger impact on the formation of sulfoxide structures than for carbonyl structures. The findings from this study show the most reproducible of all considered methods when more than one laboratory is providing FTIR data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

Porot²,

et al. 2018

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“…Under sufficient supply of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the oxidative aging reaction causes the bituminous binder to become stiffer and more brittle, mostly agreed to be upon increasing association among polar components of binder. While the rheological behavior of bitumen and its change with aging, on the macro-level, has been extensively studied in the last decades [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and sophisticated models have been developed to describe the complex behavior of this material [13][14][15][16][17][18][19], the chemical composition of bitumen, its changes with aging, and in-depth analysis of its impact on the mechanical behavior, is still subject to studying [20][21][22][23][24] and intrigue many researchers in chemistry, and civil materials engineering fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and sensitivity of FTIR ATR spectral analysis methods for bituminous binders

et al. 2017

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Bituminous binders as organic materials are prone to aging mainly by oxidation. Aging changes the viscoelastic behavior of the material over time towards higher stiffness and brittleness. FTIR has been increasingly used lately to investigate impacts of oxidative aging on the chemical structure of bitumen. Especially the carbonyl and sulfoxide bands are affected by aging and commonly used to describe changes due to evolving oxidation of a binder. However, spectra obtained from FTIR can be analyzed in fundamentally different ways and the analysis method applied to a spectrum has an impact on the gathered results and especially on the repeatability and sensitivity with regards to oxidative changes. For the presented study, two bituminous binders, a PG 64-16 and an SBS modified PG 76-22 PM were aged by RTFO and PAV and subsequently measured by FTIR. The obtained spectra (up to 90 individual spectra per aging state) were analyzed employing various methods using either the original or a normalized spectrum, a band maximum or integration based calculation of indices from an absolute or tangential baseline. By analyzing the coefficient of variation of the different analysis methods, it was found that not all analysis methods exhibit the same repeatability and sensitivity. From the findings of the study it can be recommended to work with normalized spectra, use an absolute baseline and work with integration of areas for index production in favor over band maximum based methods.

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“…These observations may also be explained based on the hypothesis that the dispersed domains comprise of waxes that float to the surface from the bulk (Lyne et al ., ; Das et al ., ; Pauli et al ., ; Fischer & Cernescu, ); however, as of this writing, there is no definitive support for this hypothesis. Das et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Das et al . () explained the dispersed domains on the surface with solubility principles: wax crystals (which could in fact be other species) are at equilibrium with the wax molecules still in solution in the surrounding matrix; when a surface is created, the crystalline structures move to the surface until equilibrium is found. Fischer & Dillingh () observed the presence of smaller spherical microstructures also in the bulk of the binder.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Das et al . () hypothesized that waxes accumulate at the binder surface based on solubility principles: when a binder surface is created, the crystalline structures move to the surface until equilibrium is found. However, the evidence cited in the literature is at best circumstantial and there is not enough proof to definitively determine the composition of the microstructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of treatment temperature on the microstructure of asphalt binders: insights on the development of dispersed domains

Menapace

Masad

Bhasin

2015

Journal of Microscopy

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This paper offers important insights on the development of the microstructure in asphalt binders as a function of the treatment temperature. Different treatment temperatures are useful to understand how dispersed domains form when different driving energies for the mobility of molecular species are provided. Small and flat dispersed domains, with average diameter between 0.02 and 0.70 μm, were detected on the surface of two binders at room temperature, and these domains were observed to grow with an increase in treatment temperature (up to over 2 μm). Bee-like structures started to appear after treatment at or above 100°C. Moreover, the effect of the binder thickness on its microstructure at room temperature and at higher treatment temperatures was investigated and is discussed in this paper. At room temperature, the average size of the dispersed domains increased as the binder thickness decreased. A hypothesis that conciliates current theories on the origin and development of dispersed domains is proposed. Small dispersed domains (average diameter around 0.02 μm) are present in the bulk of the binder, whereas larger domains and bee-like structures develop on the surface, following heat treatment or mechanical disturbance that reduces the film thickness. Molecular mobility and association are the key factors in the development of binder microstructure.

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On the oxidative ageing mechanism and its effect on asphalt mixtures morphology

Cited by 61 publications

References 18 publications

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

Repeatability and sensitivity of FTIR ATR spectral analysis methods for bituminous binders

Effect of treatment temperature on the microstructure of asphalt binders: insights on the development of dispersed domains

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