On the Performance of 5G Narrow-Band Internet of Things for Industrial Applications

An Overview of Current Challenges and Emerging Technologies to Facilitate Increased Energy Efficiency, Safety, and Sustainability of Railway Transport

“…In railways, user data can be weather-related (precipitations, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, temperature, and similar), as well as security information-related (e.g., occupancy and motion detection). To make the NB-IoT technology even more pervasive, new access methods for multiple devices are currently being investigated [137], along with data transmission error correction solutions [138] and intelligent queuing and data traffic prioritisation algorithms [139].…”

“…In railways, user data can be weather-related (precipitations, wind speed and direction, relative humidity, temperature, and similar), as well as security information-related (e.g., occupancy and motion detection). To make the NB-IoT technology even more pervasive, new access methods for multiple devices are currently being investigated [137], along with data transmission error correction solutions [138] and intelligent queuing and data traffic prioritisation algorithms [139]. Since a railway system's safety integrity level (SIL) primarily depends on the closed and limited safety functions of a product or a system that is used within it, the utilisation of extended-reliability components would favourably affect the final SIL level.…”