On the Performance of Alternating Concurrent Cooperative Transmissions in the High Path-Loss Attenuation Regime

Abstract

This paper addresses the issue of network broadcasting using alternating concurrent cooperative transmissions for sensor-based wireless networks that are very lossy. The medium access control (MAC)-free broadcast strategy is a simple, energy-efficient, low-overhead form of cooperative diversity-based strategy called the opportunistic large arrays (OLAs), and uses a received power-based threshold to define mutually exclusive sets of nodes during the initial broadcast, such that the union of the sets includes all the nodes in the network or cooperative route. This eliminates the formation of undesirable network coverage holes, a result of the "dead" nodes resulting from repeated usage. This broadcast strategy has been analyzed for wireless channels with γ= 2. The semi-analytical approach presented here investigates network life extensions for γ > 2 by considering two extreme continuum network topologies that correspond to the largest and smallest ratios of nodes (or network areas) used up during a successful broadcast, namely discs and strips, analyzing which will then set the bounds for arbitrary shaped static, cooperative routes or networks.

Multi-Packet Interference in Opportunistic Large Array Broadcasts over Disk Networks

“…While α = 2 gives a closed form solution of the integral f (r, z) = r 0 2π 0 P r · l(r cos θ − z, r sin θ)rdrdθ, where l(x, y) = 1 (x 2 +y 2 ) α/2 , a closed form solution for α > 2 appears to be very difficult to obtain [35]. Therefore, we are not able to derive the closed form expressions of the OLA boundaries even for the single-packet OLA broadcasts.…”

“…Considering lossy propagation with a higher path loss exponent, μ < 2 is not a sufficient condition but a necessary condition for successful OLA broadcast in the absence of interference (the single-packet case) [35]. Furthermore, there is no notion of κ in the continuum limit as we will now explain.…”

Opportunistic Large Array Propagation Models: A Comprehensive Survey

“…In addition to the continuum model, which simplifies the random locations of nodes, a deterministic channel assumption is also assumed in various studies on OLA-based protocols such as OLA broadcasting [21,30], OLA unicasting [18,31,32], energy-efficient schemes [20,21,33], and multi-packet OLA transmissions [19,34]. Based on this deterministic channel assumption, random channel effects such as multi-path fading and shadowing are not considered, which provides analytical simplicity.…”

“…Owing to its effectiveness, a significant amount of work has been made on the OLA protocols to better exploit such advantages. However, for analytical simplicity, most of the existing studies, including [14,[17][18][19][20][21][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], perform analysis using an approximated network model, which is referred to as continuum assumption, without considering random channel effects, which can be accurate enough for high node density networks. However, in practice, the authors of [12,35,36] observe considerable performance gaps between their measurement and the theoretical analysis, assuming the simplified models, when the node density is not high enough.…”

Smart Communication Protocols & Algorithms

“…The paper entitled "On the Performance of Alternating Concurrent Cooperative Transmissions in the High Path-Loss Attenuation Regime" [4], proposed by Aravind Kailas addresses the issue of network broadcasting using alternating concurrent cooperative transmissions for sensor-based wireless networks that are very lossy. The medium access control (MAC)-free broadcast strategy is a simple, energy-efficient, low-overhead form of cooperative diversity-based strategy called the opportunistic large arrays (OLAs), and uses a received power-based threshold to define mutually exclusive sets of nodes during the initial broadcast, such that the union of the sets includes all the nodes in the network or cooperative route.…”