On the performance of IoT LPWAN technologies: the case of Sigfox, LoRaWAN and NB-IoT

Vampire: A smart energy meter for synchronous monitoring in a distributed computer system

“…One of the first options for very long distances is to use GSM (global system for mobile communication) [88][89][90][91]; but to obtain high capacity in data communication you can also use other wireless networks such as ZigBee [15,92,93], wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) [15,52,83] or IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) [94][95][96]. One option to cover long distances is to use LPWAN (low-power wide-area network) technologies [97][98][99][100] such as SigFox [101,102], Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) [103][104][105] and Long Range (LoRa), LoRa standing out among these for being an open technology, not requiring a contract with the owner company or acquiring a SIM card [16,46,66,67,90,44,66,66,[106][107][108][109].…”

Super-Large-Coverage Standardized Wireless Communication System and Its Implementation in VHF Band for IoT and V2X

“…In terms of the size of fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) per channel, the number of ARIB T103/IEEE 802.16n (FFT size is 1024) is greater than or equal to that of IEEE 802. LPWA Proposed Technology Cellular [3,6] DSRC [3,7] LoRa [3,5] Sigfox [4,5] NB-IoT [3,5] eMTC [3] WRAN [ and is easier to install than 4G and 5G networks. Therefore, ARIB T103/IEEE 802.16n is expected to be an effective communication system for V2X to meet the requirement of super-large-coverage over 10 km and higher transmission rate over several Mbps.…”