On the phylogenetic position of the pre-Neandertal specimen from Reilingen, Germany

Dean, David; Hublin, Jean Jacques; Holloway, Ralph L.; Ziegler, Rafael

doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0214

Cited by 161 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Most researchers support a European origin and a local evolution for the Neandertals (23,(29)(30)(31). However, despite the relatively good fossil record of Neandertals and their recently sequenced nuclear genome (32,33), considerable debate still exists regarding the time of divergence of the lineages leading to modern humans and Neandertals and regarding the name, hypodigm, and geographic distribution of the stem species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal)

Daura

Sanz

Arsuaga

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Middle Pleistocene is a crucial time period for studying human evolution in Europe, because it marks the appearance of both fossil hominins ancestral to the later Neandertals and the Acheulean technology. Nevertheless, European sites containing well-dated human remains associated with an Acheulean toolkit remain scarce. The earliest European hominin crania associated with Acheulean handaxes are at the sites of Arago, Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos (SH), and Swanscombe, dating to 400–500 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 11–12). The Atapuerca (SH) fossils and the Swanscombe cranium belong to the Neandertal clade, whereas the Arago hominins have been attributed to an incipient stage of Neandertal evolution, to Homo heidelbergensis, or to a subspecies of Homo erectus. A recently discovered cranium (Aroeira 3) from the Gruta da Aroeira (Almonda karst system, Portugal) dating to 390–436 ka provides important evidence on the earliest European Acheulean-bearing hominins. This cranium is represented by most of the right half of a calvarium (with the exception of the missing occipital bone) and a fragmentary right maxilla preserving part of the nasal floor and two fragmentary molars. The combination of traits in the Aroeira 3 cranium augments the previously documented diversity in the European Middle Pleistocene fossil record

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal)

Daura

Sanz

Arsuaga

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…It has also been suggested that many of the so-called typical Neanderthal traits are not Neanderthal autapomorphies but primitive fe atures that, because of their high frequencies and degrees of expression, and their distinctive combination, become typical of H. neanderthalensis species (e.g., Patte, 1962;Franciscus and Trinkaus, 1995;Bailey, 2002a;Martinon-Torres et al, 2006;Bailey et al, 2009;Hublin, 2009). Thus, the origin of the Neanderthal lineage would imply increasing frequencies of Neanderthal traits throughout time, favored by isolation due to glacial conditions (Arsuaga et al, 1993;Hublin, 1996Hublin, , 1998Dean et al, 1998). This is the basis for the fo rmula tion of the "accretion model," in which Neanderthal distinctions would accumulate gradually in populations (Dean et al, 1998;Hublin, 1998), so that earlier Middle Pleistocene populations should be "less Neanderthal" than later populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the origin of the Neanderthal lineage would imply increasing frequencies of Neanderthal traits throughout time, favored by isolation due to glacial conditions (Arsuaga et al, 1993;Hublin, 1996Hublin, , 1998Dean et al, 1998). This is the basis for the fo rmula tion of the "accretion model," in which Neanderthal distinctions would accumulate gradually in populations (Dean et al, 1998;Hublin, 1998), so that earlier Middle Pleistocene populations should be "less Neanderthal" than later populations. However, the present chronological and fossil evidence indicates that the Nean derthal morphological pattern may not have appeared quite as progressively and ordered, as has been suggested, and therefore other models should also be explored (Bermudez de Castro et al, 2009;Dennell et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphological description and comparison of the dental remains from Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos site (Spain)

Martinón‐Torres

Castro

Gómez‐Robles

et al. 2012

Journal of Human Evolution

220

258

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“…This is the accretion hypothesis. 45,46 Also, rather quickly after its first appearance, Homo antecessor must have evolved an African offshoot, represented at localities such as Bodo, Broken Hill, and Elandsfontein. Although these Middle Pleistocene hominins are acknowledged as morphologically similar to and perhaps even capable of exchanging genes with their European contemporaries, they are not assigned to Homo heidelbergensis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Homo in the middle pleistocene: Hypodigms, variation, and species recognition

Rightmire

2008

Evolutionary Anthropology

172

130

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It is generally accepted that modern humans evolved in Africa. This consensus has emerged in the last two decades, as molecular evidence has been coupled with findings from paleontology and prehistory. Patterns of DNA variation in living populations, morphology of fossils, and archeological traces can all be read to show that our species has deep roots in Africa and began to disperse into other regions only late in the Pleistocene. There are still questions about the timing of these dispersals and the extent to which modern people replaced or exchanged genes with other, more archaic groups, but new problems are now coming more clearly into focus. These relate to the ancestry of Homo sapiens in the Middle Pleistocene. In this essay, I emphasize the evidence available from Middle Pleistocene localities in Africa and Europe, exploring variation among individuals, composition of hypodigms, species‐level taxonomy, and evolutionary relationships of the hominin populations. One obvious difficulty is that the fossils are scarce. For the most part, only incomplete crania are available from African localities. The record is more comprehensive for the Sima de los Huesos in Spain, but principally crania and jaws are known from other European sites. This means that skull traits and measurements must provide the basis for sorting individuals to groups and building differential diagnoses. For much of the material, dating is still poorly controlled, although a few of the most important assemblages can now be placed more securely within a Middle Pleistocene chronological framework. Despite these constraints, it is possible to point toward tentative solutions.

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On the phylogenetic position of the pre-Neandertal specimen from Reilingen, Germany

Cited by 161 publications

References 30 publications

New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal)

New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal)

Morphological description and comparison of the dental remains from Atapuerca-Sima de los Huesos site (Spain)

Homo in the middle pleistocene: Hypodigms, variation, and species recognition

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