On the porosity of polypyrrole films

Effect of ultrasounds on the electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole, application to the adhesion and growth of biological cells

“…-biocompatibility since a study on polypyrrole films implantation in experimental animals showed promising results for their in vivo use [17], -biodegradability since the addition of ester linkages to the pyrrole monomers renders polypyrrole biodegradable [18], -porosity since it is an intrinsic property of conducting polymers that can be varied according to the method of preparation [19], -conducting polymers are electrochemically synthesized and thus its location, thickness or morphology can be controlled by an applied current or voltage, -physical, chemical and electrical properties of conducting polymers can be altered by doping with various agents [20].…”

Thickness dependence of the porosity of PPy/DDS films

“…Presumably the total porosity and pore size distribution of those films and of the films with reduced thicknesses (up to three orders of magnitude) do not have to coincide. Despite this, the comparison of the pore sizes of (relatively) thin PPy films (present study) with the corresponding values of thick PPy films [3,10,15] shows reasonable correlation. It should be mentioned here that significant synthesis parameters as current density, also the concentration of pyrrole monomer and supporting electrolyte were the same in both our cases.…”

“…Therefore our previous report [3] in this field comprised PPy films with thicknesses that were approximately from 50 to 100 lm. Presumably the total porosity and pore size distribution of those films and of the films with reduced thicknesses (up to three orders of magnitude) do not have to coincide.…”

“…In this way, it was ascertained that the nature and size of doping anions have an influence on the structure and morphology of PPy layers. And this influence emerges in both the cases of bulk PPy [1][2][3] and PPy nanofibers [4]. The effect of the size of the doping agent on the size of PPy particles can also be observed in the case of dispersed polypyrrole nanospheres [5].…”

“…From an application's point of view, it is important to know and/or control the porosity of synthesized PPy film. The porosity properties have been measured/ estimated using different methods, such as low-temperature N 2 sorption [3,10,11], cyclic voltammetry [12], film density analysis [1], standard porosimetry (in the case of polyaniline (PANI) and polyparaphenylene (PPP) [13,14], and small-angle X-ray scattering SAXS [15]. SAXS and its modifications have been found to be an advanced scattering technique for investigation of the properties of nanostructured polymeric materials [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”