On the possibility of footprint compression with one lens in nonlinear accelerator lattice

The first electron lenses -understood as "lenses made of electrons" rather than "lenses to focus electrons" -were envisioned in the mid-1990s and built in the early 2000s for compensation of beam-beam effects in the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider. Since then, the lenses -a novel instrument for high-energy particle accelerators -have been added to the toolbox of modern beam facilities, being particularly useful for the energy frontier superconducting hadron colliders ("supercolliders"). In this article we briefly present the history of ideas and developments toward effective use of low-energy high-current bright electron beams in high energy accelerators and discuss the promise of their future applications.

Section: S: Original Conceptual Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron lenses: historical overview and outlook

Shiltsev¹

2021

“…A breakthrough in the study of dynamical systems was the realization that nonlinear integrable optics (NIO) can be implemented in an accelerator with certain lattice symmetries using special magnets or electron lenses [2][3][4][5][33][34][35][36]. The design and first experimental results using nonlinear magnets in IOTA are described in refs.…”

Section: Nonlinear Integrable Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beam physics research with the IOTA electron lens

Stancari¹,

Agustsson²,

Banerjee³

et al. 2021

Self Cite

“…[15]. The McMillan lens [16] is another device that can be used to reduce the space charge induced tune spread. It is attractive theoretically in that, properly placed, it does not break integrability of the system, but it imposes severe constraints on the 2021 JINST 16 P03045 layout of the beamline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-consistent PIC simulations of ultimate space charge compensation with electron lenses

Stern¹,

Alexahin²,

Burov³

et al. 2021

Further progress of fundamental particle physics requires high intensity and high brightness of accelerated proton and ion beams. This goal is essential for the FAIR hadron beams at GSI, for the neutrino production at the facilities such as Fermilab and JPARC, and for the Large Hadron Collider luminosity at CERN. One of the most formidable obstacles toward that goal is the beam's own space charge, whose forces cause beam emittance growth, losses and lifetime degradation. Typically, such effects become intolerable when the space charge tune-shift parameter Δ QSC exceeds ∼ - (0.25–0.5). To reduce these detrimental effects, it was suggested to use electron lenses to compensate the space charge forces. This paper reports on detailed particle-in-cell space charge and electron lens compensation simulations for extremely intense proton bunches whose space charge tune-shift parameter exceeds -1.0. Different scenarios were evaluated based on reduction in the emittance growth and particle loss at a 4σ aperture. We investigate phenomena and issues related to the focusing lattice errors, importance of the transverse and longitudinal matching of the electron beam profiles to the proton ones, and vary the strength and the number of the electron lenses distributed around a circular machine to optimize the reduction of harmful space charge effects.