On the Precursory Abnormal Animal Behavior and Electromagnetic Effects for the Kobe Earthquake (M~6) on April 12, 2013

Hayakawa, Masashi; Yamauchi, Hiroyuki; Ohtani, Nobuyo; Ohta, Mitsuaki; Tosa, Susumu; Asano, Tomokazu; Schekotov, A.; Izutsu, Jun; Potirakis, Stelios M.; Eftaxias, K.

doi:10.4236/ojer.2016.53013

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…THI is a useful and easy measure to ascertain heat load intensity of thermal climatic conditions by evaluating the combined effects of T and RH. Then, it was calculated according to the formula developed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [21]:THI = (1.8T + 32) − (0.55 − 0.0055 RH) (1.8T − 26) where T is temperature in degrees Celsius and RH is relative humidity as a percentage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Missense Mutation of the HSPB7 Gene Associated with Heat Tolerance in Chinese Indicine Cattle

Zeng

Cao

et al. 2019

Animals

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The small heat shock proteins (HSPB) are expressed in response to heat stress, and the heat shock protein family B (small) member 7 (HSPB7) gene has been reported to play an important role in heat tolerance pathways. Only a missense mutation (NC_037329.1: g.136054902 C > G: p.Ala69Gly) was identified in the HSPB7 gene in indicine cattle, which might be a candidate mutation associated with the heat tolerance. Here, we explore the allele frequency of this mutation in 774 individuals belonging to 32 Chinese indigenous cattle breeds using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing methods. The distribution of alleles of NC_037329.1: g.136054902 C > G displays significant geographical difference across native Chinese cattle breeds that the allele C was dominant in northern cattle groups, while allele G was dominant in southern indicine cattle groups. Additionally, the association analysis indicated that the G allele was significantly associated with mean annual temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and temperature humidity index (THI) (p < 0.01), suggesting that cattle carrying allele G were distributed in regions with higher T, RH, and THI. Our results demonstrate that the mutation of the HSPB7 gene in Chinese indicine cattle might be a candidate gene associated with the heat tolerance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Missense Mutation of the HSPB7 Gene Associated with Heat Tolerance in Chinese Indicine Cattle

Zeng

Cao

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…The precursory signature effects of the Kobe earthquakes were revealed by Hayakawa et al [25] [26] [27] [28]; similar signature effects of the Guam and Izu earthquakes were detected and described [29] [30] Anomalous radio propagation before and after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake demonstrated strong iono-spheric disturbances triggered by the earthquake appearing in the oblique ionogram; they show very clear signature of the wave-shape-trace. An oblique ionogram was observed at 04:45 UTC on 11 March 2011 one hour before the 2011 Tohoku earthquake.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Signals As the Earthquake Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Many books have been written about the ultimate goal of seismology to find means to predict expected earthquake (see, for example, the most informative books [4] [61] [62] [63] [64] and papers [65]- [70]). There are significant achievements on the way to this goal: there is a fairly clear understanding of the chemical physics and mechanics of the EQ and its time evolution, there is convincing evidence of the existence of indicators and precursors of the expected seismic events.…”

Section: Earthquake Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake under Control: Is It Feasible?

Buchachenko

2023

OJER

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The ultimate and noble goal of seismology as a science is to find reliable means to predict the place, time and magnitude of expected earthquake. There are significant achievements on the way to this goal: there is a fairly clear understanding chemical physics and mechanics of the earthquake, there are reliable indicators and precursors of the approaching seismic events. However, this understanding remains to be purely intellectual achievement; it looks like highly desirable but hardly attainable purpose. Earthquake prediction is unattainable like absolute zero temperature: you may approach it, but never reach. As an alternation there is reliable evidence that microwave induced release of energy, accumulated in the earthquake focus, may be implemented by hand-made means (such as magneto-hydrodynamic generators). Magnetic control of the earthquake focus by microwave exposure is a unique means to decrease magnitude of the earthquake and transform catastrophic event in the less dangerous one. However, positive experience of reducing the magnitude of earthquake is rather limited and hardly may be implemented in practice; evidently, earthquake control is unfeasible project.

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“…The frequently used earthquake prediction methods nowadays can be categorized into four groups, according to [2]. The first two strategies, namely 1) mathematical tools like FDL [3] and 2) precursor-based techniques that retrieve geographic features like seismic anomalies [4], cloud images [5], and animal behavior [6], were well-liked when there was a dearth of earthquake data. Then, as more and more earthquakes produced larger datasets, machine learning techniques entered the picture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Nowcasting: A Holistic Artificial Neural Network Predictive Model

Bikos

2024

Preprint

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A contemporary technique for calculating seismic risk is earthquake nowcasting (EN), which analyzes the progression of the earthquake (EQ) cycle in fault systems. 'Natural time' is a novel idea of time that serves as the foundation for EN assessment. The earthquake potential score (EPS), which has been discovered to have useful uses regionally and worldwide, is a unique tool EN uses to predict seismic risk. For the estimation of the EPS for the occurrences with the highest magnitude among these applications, we have since 2021 concentrated on Greece territory, applying sophisticated Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, both wise (semi)supervised and unsupervised models, along with a customized dynamic sliding window technique that performs as a stochastic filter able to fine-tune the geo seismic occurrences. Long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks, random forests, and clustering (geospatial) models are three machine learning techniques that are particularly good at finding patterns in vast databases and may be used to enhance earthquake prediction performance. In this study, we attempt to forecast whether practical Machine-learning and AI/Game-theoretic-based approaches can help predict big earthquakes and the normal future seismic cycle for 6-12 months. Specifically, we focus on answering two questions for a given region: (1) Is there a chance that a significant earthquake—say, one with a magnitude of M ≥ 6.0 will happen in the upcoming year? (2) What is the largest earthquake magnitude predicted in the upcoming year, and with which exact geographic coordinates (GCS)? Our results are quite promising and project a high precision accuracy score (≥ 98%) for seismic nowcasting in terms of four predictive parameters: the approximate (a) latitude, (b) longitude, (c) focal depth, and (d) magnitude of the phenomena.

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On the Precursory Abnormal Animal Behavior and Electromagnetic Effects for the Kobe Earthquake (M~6) on April 12, 2013

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

A Missense Mutation of the HSPB7 Gene Associated with Heat Tolerance in Chinese Indicine Cattle

A Missense Mutation of the HSPB7 Gene Associated with Heat Tolerance in Chinese Indicine Cattle

Earthquake under Control: Is It Feasible?

Seismic Nowcasting: A Holistic Artificial Neural Network Predictive Model

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