On the presence of chromaffin cells in the adrenal cortex: their possible role in adrenocortical function

Gallo‐Payet, Nicole; Pothier, Pierre; Isler, H.

doi:10.1139/o87-076

Cited by 100 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…The ratio of adrenaline/ noradrenaline found in this study is consistent with that previously reported in rat adrenal capsules and in the rat adrenal medulla (Pratt et al 1985). Presumably the catecholamines are derived from the islets of chromaffin cells reported to be present in the zona glomerulosa region of the adrenal cortex (Kovács & Horváth 1973, Palacios & Lafraga 1975, Gallo-Payet et al 1987, as the adrenal capsules were separated from the adrenal medulla in these experiments. It is, however, possible that noradrenaline may be released from nerve terminals remaining in the separated capsular tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We proposed that VIP acts on islets of chromaffin cells, known to be present in the zona glomerulosa in the rat (Kovács & Horváth 1973, Palacios & Lafraga 1975, Gallo-Payet et al 1987) and other species (for review see Nussdorfer 1996), to stimulate the release of catecholamines, which then act on adrenal cells to stimulate aldosterone secretion. This hypothesis was supported by the observation that aldosterone secretion in response to VIP was attenuated in the presence of alprenolol, a adrenergic antagonist (Hinson et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Actions of vasoactive intestinal peptide on the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

Hinson

Puddefoot²,

Kapas³

1999

Journal of Endocrinology

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Previous studies, by this group and others, have shown that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulates aldosterone secretion, and that the actions of VIP on aldosterone secretion by the rat adrenal cortex are blocked by adrenergic antagonists, suggesting that VIP may act by the local release of catecholamines. The present studies were designed to test this hypothesis further, by measuring catecholamine release by adrenal capsular tissue in response to VIP stimulation.Using intact capsular tissue it was found that VIP caused a dose-dependent increase in aldosterone secretion, with a concomitant increase in both adrenaline and noradrenaline release. The effects of VIP on aldosterone secretion were inhibited by atenolol, a 1 adrenergic antagonist, but not by ICI-118,551, a 2 adrenergic antagonist. Binding studies were carried out to investigate VIP receptors. It was found that adrenal zona glomerulosa tissue from control rats contained specific VIP binding sites (B max 853 101 fmol/mg protein; K d 2·26 0·45 nmol/l). VIP binding was not displaced by ACTH, angiotensin II or by either of the adrenergic antagonists.The response to VIP in adrenals obtained from rats fed a low sodium diet was also investigated. Previous studies have found that adrenals from animals on a low sodium diet exhibit increased responsiveness to VIP. Specific VIP binding sites were identified, although the concentration or affinity of binding sites in the low sodium group was not significantly different from the controls. In the low sodium group VIP was found to increase catecholamine release to the same extent as in the control group, however, in contrast to the control group, the adrenal response to VIP was not altered by adrenergic antagonists in the low sodium group.These data provide strong support for the hypothesis that VIP acts by the local release of catecholamines in adrenal zona glomerulosa tissue in normal animals. It does not appear that VIP acts through the same mechanism in animals maintained on a low sodium diet. The mechanism by which VIP stimulates aldosterone in this group remains to be determined.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actions of vasoactive intestinal peptide on the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

Hinson

Puddefoot²,

Kapas³

1999

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…X400. g) At 17 hr, the new cells with eosinophilic Golgi area in basophilic cytoplasm were arranged into groups of few cells. H&E.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existence in adrenal chromaffin cells of diverse neurotransmitters was demonstrated; this existence could serve to directly or indirectly regulate the production of corticosteroid (25). Morphologically, these regulatory molecules might be secreted by the rays of medullary tissue located in the cortex (17), or they may be transferred to the cortex, especially the zona glomerulosa, by nerve fibers of medullary origin (31,33). On the other hand, in these studies, the activation of phenylethanolamine Nmethyltransferase in converting noradrenaline to adrenaline in the chromaffin cells required the glucosteroid from the adrenal cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prompt Recovery of Damaged Adrenal Medullae Induced by Salinomycin

Chen-Pan

Pan

Yamamoto³

et al. 1999

Toxicol Pathol

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The morphologic changes in the adrenal medullae of rats treated with an ionophore antibiotic, salinomycin, are described. Male rats of approximately 7 wk of age were treated orally with a single dose of salinomycin at 80 mg/kg body weight. Following this treatment, the adrenal glands were examined, using immunohistochemistry, for neurofilament, laminin, fibronectin, and S-100 protein; the glands were also examined using transmission electron microscopy. One hour after the treatment, a karyopyknosis was observed in the clusters of affected chromaffin cells in which the neurofilament, laminin, and fibronectin were present. The lesions became progressively conspicuous between hours 5 and 10. Ultimately, the outcome was cell lysis. Five hours after salinomycin treatment, unaffected chromaffin cells strongly stained to tyrosine hydroxylase. At 10 hr, new chromaffin cells, which were irregular in shape with electron-dense cytoplasm (dark cell), that were strongly stained for tyrosine hydroxylase appeared at the basement membrane site of the necrotic clusters, and these cells contained very few immature catecholamine granules of less than 80 nm. At 17 hr, the catecholamine granules increased in number and size to about 200 nm. The newly formed chromaffin cells grew within the clusters to fill in the medulla by 24 hr, and cytoplasmic granules progressively increased in number and size. The interstitial tissue was seen to be edematous at 5 hr. New capillaries were found in the adrenal medullae of both control and salinomycin-treated rats. The protruding chromaffin cells (protruding cells), which we previously described in normal rats, were also observed in salinomycin-treated rats, which suggests that holocrine secretion is performed in the adrenal medullae. The results indicated that the rat adrenal medullae have the ability to make a rapid recovery after an insult by salinomycin.

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“…Adapted from Ref. 2. dulla and the cortex (29)(30)(31). During fetal development, the adrenal medulla is mostly controlled by neuropeptides like the corticotrophin-releasing factor, arginin-vasopressin, vaso-active intestinal polypeptide, or the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (32,33), and these neuropeptides may directly regulate steroidogenic functions of the fetal cortex (34).…”

Section: Hormonal Control Of Adrenal Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A connection between extracellular matrix and hormonal signals during the development of the human fetal adrenal gland

Chamoux

Otis²,

Gallo‐Payet³

2005

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The human adrenal cortex, involved in adaptive responses to stress, body homeostasis and secondary sexual characters, emerges from a tightly regulated development of a zone-specific secretion pattern during fetal life. Its development during fetal life is critical for the well being of pregnancy, the initiation of delivery, and even for an adequate adaptation to extra-uterine life. As early as from the sixth week of pregnancy, the fetal adrenal gland is characterized by a highly proliferative zone at the periphery, a concentric migration accompanied by cell differentiation (cortisol secretion) and apoptosis in the central androgen-secreting fetal zone. After birth, a strong reorganization occurs in the adrenal gland so that it better fulfills the newborn's needs, with aldosterone production in the external zona glomerulosa, cortisol secretion in the zona fasciculata and androgens in the central zona reticularis. In addition to the major hormonal stimuli provided by angiotensin II and adrenocorticotropin, we have tested for some years the hypotheses that such plasticity may be under the control of the extracellular matrix. A growing number of data have been harvested during the last years, in particular about extracellular matrix expression and its putative role in the development of the human adrenal cortex. Laminin, collagen and fibronectin have been shown to play important roles not only in the plasticity of the adrenal cortex, but also in cell responsiveness to hormones, thus clarifying some of the unexplained observations that used to feed controversies.

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On the presence of chromaffin cells in the adrenal cortex: their possible role in adrenocortical function

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

Actions of vasoactive intestinal peptide on the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

Actions of vasoactive intestinal peptide on the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

Prompt Recovery of Damaged Adrenal Medullae Induced by Salinomycin

A connection between extracellular matrix and hormonal signals during the development of the human fetal adrenal gland

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