On the presence of Glyptotherium in the Late Pleistocene of Northeastern Brazil, and the status of "Glyptodon" and "Chlamydotherium". Paleobiogeographic implications

A new cingulate (Mammalia: Xenarthra),Pachyarmatherium brasiliensesp. nov., from the Late Pleistocene of Northeastern Brazil

“…The external ornamentation of the osteoderm attributed here to Glyptotherium sp., though eroded, is similar to osteoderms from both North (e.g. Gillette and Ray 1981) and South America (Carlini et al 2008b;Oliveira et al 2010) previously attributed to this genus. The layers of compact bone and the mineralized fiber bundles of the Glyptotherium specimen studied here are thicker than in Glyptodon reticulatus, but resemble those of Glyptotherium floridanum (Hill, 2006), thus supporting the referral of the Brazilian material to Glyptotherium (Oliveira et al 2010).…”

“…Although originally assigned to Glyptodon (Winge 1915;Paula Couto 1979;Dantas 2009), all glyptodontine (Glyptodontiade, Glyptodontinae) specimens from the intertropical region of Brazil were recently referred to the North American genus Glyptotherium (Oliveira et al 2010). The external ornamentation of the osteoderm attributed here to Glyptotherium sp., though eroded, is similar to osteoderms from both North (e.g.…”

“…2), including the glyptodonts Panochthus greslebini Castellanos, 1941 (but see Chimento and Agnolin 2011 for a possible occurrence outside the Brazilian Intertropical Region), Panochthus jaguaribensis Moreira, 1965, and Hoplophorus euphractus Lund, 1839 (Cartelle, 1999), as well as Pachyarmatherium brasiliense Porpino, Fernicola, and Bergqvist, 2009 of uncertain affinity ). Specimens described as Glyptodon also commonly occur (Cartelle 1992;Porpino et al 2004;Alves and Barreto 2007;Dantas 2009), but may in fact belong to the North American genus Glyptotherium (Oliveira et al 2010). As is generally the case for cingulates, all of these taxa are mainly represented by exoskeletal elements, particularly carapace osteoderms, which also provide some of the most useful diagnostic features of the group.…”

Hermann Karsten (1817–1908): a German naturalist in the Neotropics and the significance of his paleovertebrate collection

“…6o-r). A comparison with complete material (e.g., MCNC s/n; see Carlini et al, 2008;Oliveira et al, 2010) shows that these remains from San Juan de Los Morros belong to Glyptotherium cf. G. cylindricum Brown, 1912.…”

“…In contrast, the presence of Glyptotherium cf. G. cylindricum from San Juan de Los Morros (Orinoco River basin) increases the paleobiogeographic range of this taxon because to date Glyptotherium remains have only been recorded in South America in a few lowland Late Pleistocene localities of the Caribbean basin in Venezuela (Carlini et al, 2008;Carlini and Zurita, 2010) and the Atlantic coast of Brazil up to 20 • S (Oliveira et al, 2010). According to Zurita et al (2012), Glyptotherium records from Venezuela and Brazil suggest that after its entry into South America during the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI), this taxon could have followed an "eastern corridor" as a migratory route.…”