On the production of highest energy solar protons at 20 January 2005

Bostanjyan, N.; Chilingarian, A.; Eganov, V.S.; Karapetyan, G.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.024

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These spectra were among the hardest ever recorded. Signatures of ground level events marking the associated arrival at Earth of particles with energies up to 20-30 GeV are described in a plethora of papers that include those by Bieber et al [2005], D'Andrea and Poirier [2005], Miyasaka et al [2005], Ryan et al [2005], and Bastanjyan et al [2007].…”

Section: Solar Activity In January 2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate geomagnetic storm (21–22 January 2005) triggered by an outstanding coronal mass ejection viewed via energetic neutral atoms

McKenna‐Lawlor

Dandouras

et al. 2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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was accompanied by a coronal mass ejection which arrived at the magnetopause at ∼1712 UT, 21 January, and produced a strong compression-pressure pulse. Enhanced magnetospheric activity was stimulated. The associated development between <1800 UT and >02.19 UT on 21-22 January, 2005 of a ring current disturbance in energetic neutral atom (ENA) data, recorded aboard both the Double Star and the IMAGE (Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration) spacecraft, is described. A magnetic storm from ∼1712 UT, 21 January, reached minimum Dst = ∼−101 nT at ∼0600 UT, 22 January, and its recovery phase endured until 27 January. ENA data indicate that the ring current experienced a deep injection of H + and O + ions at ∼1830 UT when IMF Bz was oriented southward. At this time, the ring current was strongly asymmetric, although later it became more symmetric. Bz turned northward at 1946 UT. From ∼0224 to ∼0612 UT on 22 January, Bz fluctuated such that it intermittently pointed southward (±10 nT). The moderate but extended response of the geomagnetosphere to the strong pressure pulse is explained by a slow evolution in the orientation of Bz under conditions of enhanced plasma sheet density. Modeling of dynamical parameters that represent various current systems that contributed to Dst revealed their individual characteristics. The changing geomagnetic field was also modeled. Comparisons with ENA data show that early asymmetric enhancements recorded in hydrogen and oxygen were accompanied by intensified external current systems that produced a magnetic field related compression of the magnetosphere. The gradual reduction in ring current asymmetry was complemented by the largely symmetrical configuration displayed by the corresponding, still intensified, modeled magnetic field.

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Section: Solar Activity In January 2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate geomagnetic storm (21–22 January 2005) triggered by an outstanding coronal mass ejection viewed via energetic neutral atoms

McKenna‐Lawlor

Dandouras

et al. 2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Small increases were also seen by the Tibet neutron monitor (cutoff 14.1 GV, altitude 4300 m; Myasaka et al 2005), the GRAND muon telescope ( D'Andrea & Poirier 2005) and the Aragats muon detector ( Bostanjyan et al 2007), indicating the presence of very low fluxes of particles >15 GeV.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Improved Model for Relativistic Solar Proton Acceleration Applied to the 2005 January 20 and Earlier Events

Bombardieri

Duldig

Humble

et al. 2008

ApJ

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This paper presents results on modeling the ground-level response of the higher energy protons for the 2005 January 20 ground-level enhancement (GLE). This event, known as GLE 69, produced the highest intensity of relativistic solar particles since the famous event on 1956 February 23. The location of recent X-ray and -ray emission (N14 W61 ) was near Sun-Earth connecting magnetic field lines, thus providing the opportunity to directly observe the acceleration source from Earth. We restrict our analysis to protons of energy !450 MeV to avoid complications arising from transport processes that can affect the propagation of low-energy protons.

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“…According to a recent study, there is an evidence of possible proton acceleration up to energies in excess of 20 GeV (Bostanjyan et al 2007). Therefore, they penetrate deep into the atmosphere or even reach the ground, leading to the socalled ground level enhancements (GLEs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical model for computation of effective and ambient dose equivalent at flight altitudes

Mishev

Usoskin

2015

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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A numerical model for assessment of the effective dose and ambient dose equivalent produced by secondary cosmic ray particles of galactic and solar origin at commercial aircraft altitudes is presented. The model represents a full chain analysis based on ground-based measurements of cosmic rays, from particle spectral and angular characteristics to dose estimation. The model is based on newly numerically computed yield functions and realistic propagation of cosmic ray in the Earth magnetosphere. The yield functions are computed using a straightforward full Monte Carlo simulation of the atmospheric cascade induced by primary protons and a-particles and subsequent conversion of secondary particle fluence (neutrons, protons, gammas, electrons, positrons, muons and charged pions) to effective dose or the ambient dose equivalent. The ambient dose equivalent is compared with reference data at various conditions such as rigidity cut-off and level of solar activity. The method is applied for computation of the effective dose rate at flight altitude during the ground level enhancement of 13 December 2006. The solar proton spectra are derived using neutron monitor data. The computation of the effective dose rate during the event explicitly considers the derived anisotropy i.e. the pitch angle distribution as well as the propagation of the solar protons in the magnetosphere of the Earth.

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On the production of highest energy solar protons at 20 January 2005

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Moderate geomagnetic storm (21–22 January 2005) triggered by an outstanding coronal mass ejection viewed via energetic neutral atoms

Moderate geomagnetic storm (21–22 January 2005) triggered by an outstanding coronal mass ejection viewed via energetic neutral atoms

An Improved Model for Relativistic Solar Proton Acceleration Applied to the 2005 January 20 and Earlier Events

Numerical model for computation of effective and ambient dose equivalent at flight altitudes

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