Abstract:We show that N = 1 gauge theories with an adjoint chiral multiplet admit a wide class of large-N double-scaling limits where N is taken to infinity in a way coordinated with a tuning of the bare superpotential. The tuning is such that the theory is near an Argyres-Douglas-type singularity where a set of non-local dibaryons becomes massless in conjunction with a set of confining strings becoming tensionless. The doubly-scaled theory consists of two decoupled sectors, one whose spectrum and interactions follow the usual large-N scaling whilst the other has light states of fixed mass in the large-N limit which subvert the usual large-N scaling and lead to an interacting theory in the limit. F -term properties of this interacting sector can be calculated using a Dijkgraaf-Vafa matrix model and in this context the doublescaling limit is precisely the kind investigated in the "old matrix model" to describe two-dimensional gravity coupled to c < 1 conformal field theories. In particular, the old matrix model double-scaling limit describes a sector of a gauge theory with a mass gap and light meson-like composite states, the approximate Goldstone boson of superconformal invariance, with a mass which is fixed in the double-scaling limit. Consequently, the gravitational F -terms in these cases satisfy the string equation of the KdV hierarchy.