The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the development of the medical services market in the Russian Federation in conditions of increased environmental factors, which requires not only individualization of approaches to each of the participants, but also clarification of theoretical provisions that generate variability in the process of further ensuring the effective functioning of the medical services market. The regional aspect in the process of functioning of the medical services market in the Russian Federation becomes an additional factor of accounting. The purpose of this article is to study the established practice of providing medical services to the population of the country, depending on both external influences, government regulation measures, and the development of related industries. As part of the study, the essential provisions of the functioning of the medical services market in Russia were studied, the main participants in the medical services market were identified, and solutions were proposed to optimize the process of providing medical services in new economic conditions for Russia. The study shows that new challenges bring not only threats, but also opportunities. However, in order to effectively use such opportunities, it is necessary to increase the systemic understanding of the role of the state in the formation and development of the medical services market at the regional level.