On the Radiation of Canal Rays in Hydrogen

Stark, J.

doi:10.1086/141413

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…However, based on an invalid assumption of fast moving ions emitting photons in gas discharge tubes, Stark, (1907) had claimed the verification of Doppler effect by measuring some Doppler shifts in Hydrogen spectrum lines. Although Stark is known to be the pioneer of Stark effect, the effect of electric field on the splitting of emission lines, he overlooked the effect of high electric field on the ionic interaction and emission phenomenon in the observation chamber.…”

Section: Tests For Verification Of Doppler Effect For Photonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Doppler Effects for Spontaneously Emitted Photons and Continuously Emitted Waves

Sandhu¹

2017

APR

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In this paper, we distinguish between the Doppler effects for spontaneously emitted photons and continuously emitted waves. Under certain plausible assumptions, electron orbits can be modeled for simple atomic systems and such studies show that all permissible electron trajectories correspond to elliptical orbits. From the conservation of energy, momentum and angular momentum, in conjunction with the geometrical model of electron orbits, we derive the Doppler effect for spontaneously emitted photons that is quite different from the one used for continuously generated waves. All astronomical redshifts are currently interpreted by assuming the incoming radiation to be continuously emitted waves. Therefore, widely-observed redshift in radiation from most astronomical sources is interpreted to imply the expanding universe, along with cosmological expansion of space. However, for the spontaneously emitted photons, we show that the photons emitted in forward direction parallel to the emitter velocity get redshifted. That means, the astronomical redshift implies that the emission sources are moving towards the observer and our universe is not expanding. All high redshift astronomical objects are likely to be physically disrupted through dynamic instabilities or explosions and their high redshifts are associated with relativistic shock waves propagating towards the observer. Hence the proposed Doppler effect for the spontaneously emitted photons dismisses the cosmological expansion of space and supports a steady state universe.

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Section: Tests For Verification Of Doppler Effect For Photonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Doppler Effects for Spontaneously Emitted Photons and Continuously Emitted Waves

Sandhu¹

2017

APR

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“…As usual, we are dealing with two inertial frames (O, O ′ ) whose axis are parallel and oriented along the same directions: O ′ is considered in motion with respect to O with velocity v along the positive direction of the common x ≡ x ′ axis; θ is the angle that the wavevector k forms with the x axis. If we introduce the concept of photon and write for its energy E p =hω, equation (1) becomes valid also for the photon energy:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, equation (2) can be derived by treating photons as relativistic particles whose energy -momentum four -vector is (E/c, p), with E =hω and p =hω/c. The light source and its physical state do not enter equations (1,2). Therefore, the interpretation of equation (1) reads: if ω ′ is the angular frequency of the light wave measured in the reference system O ′ , then the angular frequency of the same wave measured by O is given by equation (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiment and theory: the case of the Doppler effect for photons

Giuliani¹

2013

Eur. J. Phys.

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In 1907, Einstein suggested an experiment with flying atoms for corroborating time dilation. In that paper, the flying atom was conceived as a flying clock: the reference to the Doppler effect was only indirect (the experiments by Stark to the first order of v/c). In 1922, Schrödinger showed that the emission of a light quantum by a (flying) atom is regulated by the conservation laws of energy and linear momentum. Therefore, the Doppler effect for photons is the consequence of the energy and momentum exchange between the atom and the photon: a central role is played by the quantum energy jump ∆E of the transition (a relativistic invariant). The first realization of the experiment devised by Einstein is due to Ives and Stilwell (1938). Since then till nowadays experiments of this kind have been repeated in search of better precision and/or a deviation from the predictions of special relativity. The striking feature is that all the papers dealing with these experiments completely neglect Schrödinger's dynamical treatment. The origins of this omission are of different kind: pragmatic (agreement between formulas, wherever coming from, and experiments), historical (deep rooting of the wave theory of light) and epistemological (neglect of basic epistemological rules). pacs 03.30.+p 01.65.+g

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“…Now, since he had established that the canal rays were the source of the line spectra, he had to explain why those with velocities less than the minimum velocity v min did not emit spectral lines. 6 To explain this behavior, Stark proposed in 1907 a nonclassical mechanism for the emission of spectral lines, one that was based on Max Planck's black-body radiation law. 7 Stark, in fact, was one of the earliest supporters of the quantum theory and the first to base an explanation of atomic spectra on it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simultaneous Discovery: The Case of Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo

2004

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In 1913 the German physicist Johannes Stark and the Italian physicist Antonino Lo Surdo (1880-1949) discovered virtually simultaneously and independently that hydrogen spectral lines are split into components by an external electric field. Both of their discoveries ensued from studies on the same phenomenon, the Doppler effect in canal rays, but they arose in different theoretical contexts. Stark had been working within the context of the emerging quantum theory, following a research program aimed at studying the effect of an electric field on spectral lines. Lo Surdo had been working within the context of the classical theory, and his was an accidental discovery. Both discoveries, however, played important roles in the history of physics: Stark's discovery contributed to the establishment of both the old and the new quantum theories; Lo Surdo's discovery led Antonio Garbasso (1871Garbasso ( -1933 to introduce research on the quantum theory into Italian physics. Ironically, soon after their discoveries, both Stark and Lo Surdo rejected developments in modern physics and allied themselves with the political and racial programs of Hitler and Mussolini.

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On the Radiation of Canal Rays in Hydrogen

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Distinct Doppler Effects for Spontaneously Emitted Photons and Continuously Emitted Waves

Distinct Doppler Effects for Spontaneously Emitted Photons and Continuously Emitted Waves

Experiment and theory: the case of the Doppler effect for photons

A Simultaneous Discovery: The Case of Johannes Stark and Antonino Lo Surdo

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