On the Real Capacity of LoRa Networks: The Impact of Non-Destructive Communications

Fernandes, Rui; Oliveira, Rui; Luís, Miguel; Sargento, Susana

doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2941476

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…2) Single-User Receiver with Soft-Decoding Assuming a hard threshold for the capture effect as described above or in other publications [7], [9] is however pessimistic. In fact, in some cases, a packet can still be demodulated for lower differences in received power ∆P between two same-SF colliding nodes (same-SF SIR) [8]. To allow for a fair comparison between conventional single-user LoRa receivers and our proposed two-user receiver, we here seek to better model the performance of a single-user soft-detector in the presence of a single same-SF interferer.…”

Section: ) Threshold-based Single-user Receivermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the demodulation of LoRa symbols is inherently resistant against interference from packets using different spreading factors. A LoRa receiver benefits on average from a co-channel rejection of −16 dB for inter-SF interference [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental studies have shown that for concurrent same-SF transmissions of two users, the strongest user is usually correctly decoded provided a sufficiently large signal-tointerference ratio (SIR), between 1 dB and 3 dB depending on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) [8]- [10]. This behavior, Joachim Tapparel and Andreas Burg are with the Telecommunication Circuits Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland (e-mail: joachim.tapparel@epfl.ch; andreas.burg@epfl.ch).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the Reliability of Dense LoRaWAN Networks With Multi-User Receivers

Tapparel

Xhonneux

Bol

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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LoRaWAN is a low-power wireless technology that provides long-range connectivity to battery-powered Internet of things (IoT) devices. To minimize the energy consumption of the IoT nodes, LoRaWAN networks use for the uplink a pure non-slotted ALOHA multiple access scheme. Since the devices are not synchronized in time, collisions between uplink packets are the main source of errors when the number of nodes becomes important. To improve the reliability of dense LoRaWAN networks, we propose in this paper a successive interference cancellation LoRa receiver capable of decoding frames from two colliding users. The proposed two-user detector leverages the bit-interleaved coded modulation scheme of LoRa to improve the detection and cancellation of the strongest interfering user. We show that in the presence of two interfering users, the usage of a low coding-rate and iterative soft-detection are essential to attain error rates sufficiently close to the single-user scenario. Using network-level simulations, we subsequently evaluate the gains of our proposed two-user receiver in a realistic LoRaWAN network. To this end, we build advanced models of the studied receivers using Monte-Carlo simulations at the physical layer. For an overall packet error rate of 1%, simulation results indicate that a LoRaWAN network employing our two-user detector may serve 4.7 times more devices than a network with only a single-user receiver at the gateway.

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Section: ) Threshold-based Single-user Receivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Enhancing the Reliability of Dense LoRaWAN Networks With Multi-User Receivers

Tapparel

Xhonneux

Bol

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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“…The two protocols implemented were: LoRaWAN Class A in single channel and RTS-LoRa in single channel. Regarding the LoRa physical layer, two distinct models are assumed: destructive collisions, when two or more packets transmitted simultaneously are always considered lost, and a probabilistic model obtained from real measurements, allowing the reception of one packet in the event of concurrent transmissions depending on the ratio of RSSI values between the colliding packets [14]. The destructive model, although proved to be unrealistic, is still considered in the evaluation process given its importance in the literature.…”

Section: Evaluation Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Use of Control Packets in LoRa Medium Access: A Scalability Analysis

Fernandes

Oliveira

Luís

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE 21st International Symposium on "A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks" (WoWMoM)

Self Cite

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LoRa technology has been attesting itself as one of the most prominent and widely adopted low power wide area technologies. Highly compatible with Internet of Things (IoT) applications and urban environments, this technology enables large range communications although with small bandwidths and duty cycle restrictions. In this work, we propose a distinct way of dealing with the Medium Access Control (MAC) in LoRa, through the use of control packets to enhance the technology performance in urban city scenarios, where a large number of nodes is expected. The proposed protocol is asynchronous and takes into account the energy expenditure. We compare this scheme with the standard (LoRaWAN) by considering different network densities and packet sizes, and through different LoRa collision models. Performance results, such as network throughput and fairness index, show that, depending on the ratio between data and control packet lengths, it is possible to greatly improve the bit rate and overall network performance, even if increasing the duty-cycle restriction time due to the addition of overhead.

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“…LoRa communication technology is an unlicensed internet of things (IoT) technology that is characterized by low bandwidth, a limited number of messages, low power requirements, long-range communication, and higher penetration power [1]- [3]. The physical layer of the LoRa employs a chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation which enables long-range communication [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Weather Condition on LoRa IoT Communication Technology in a Tropical Region: Malaysia

et al. 2021

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An experimental study on the effect of weather conditions such as solar radiation, humidity, temperature, and rain on the Long Range (LoRa) communication in a tropical region (Malaysia) via a campus environment has been carried out and analyzed. The weather parameters were obtained from an online meteorological weather station (Meteoblue) and the use of a local automatic weather station. A temperature sensor was attached to the LoRa node to measure the onboard temperature. We analyze the diurnal variation and the effects of the weather condition based on the LoRa link in a LoRaWAN setup. A regular pattern of RSSI was observed with stronger RSSI values having a positive correlation with the atmospheric temperature, onboard temperature, and solar radiation during the day but degrades in late evenings. The positive correlation and pattern observed can be attributed to the prevailing metrological conditions and opens room for further research needed for propagation modeling. The RSSI signals and relative humidity, on the other hand, showed no correlation. Furthermore, strong RSSI signals were obtained when the atmospheric temperature was between 30 -40 o C, and the onboard temperature between 40 -50 o C. No significant impact was observed on the RSSI signals when the rainfall rates vary from 12 mm/h to 180 mm/h. The study presents useful information to be considered on the effects of weather conditions in the propagation model and deployment of LoRa for IoT communication.

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On the Real Capacity of LoRa Networks: The Impact of Non-Destructive Communications

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Enhancing the Reliability of Dense LoRaWAN Networks With Multi-User Receivers

Enhancing the Reliability of Dense LoRaWAN Networks With Multi-User Receivers

Exploring the Use of Control Packets in LoRa Medium Access: A Scalability Analysis

Effect of Weather Condition on LoRa IoT Communication Technology in a Tropical Region: Malaysia

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