On the Relationship between Deformation and Metamorphism, with Special Reference to the Behavior of Basic Rocks

Brodie, K. H.; Rutter, E. H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5066-1_6

Cited by 170 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…It also confirms that the mechanism of deformation for fluid-rock interactions is fluid migration along pressure gradients between neighbouring intergranular microcracks and low aspectratio pores at different orientations to the stress field (Brodie and Rutter, 1985;Rutter and Brodie, 1991).…”

Section: Ape-modellingsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The suggested mechanism for pre-fracturing deformation of fluid-saturated microcracks is fluid migration (by flow or diffusion) along pressure gradients between neighbouring intergranular microcracks at different orientations to the stress field Crampin, 1995, 1997). This mechanism was suggested previously by Brodie and Rutter (1985) and Rutter and Brodie (1991), but its significance could be confirmed only when its association with shear-wave splitting was recognized. Note that for small changes the response of the rock matrix is essentially elastic and the initial response to changing conditions is expected to be rapid .…”

Section: Anisotropic Poro-elasticity Apementioning

confidence: 67%

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Shear-Wave Splitting in a Critical Crust: the Next Step

Crampin

1998

Rev. Inst. Fr. Pét.

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On pourrait avancer que l'anisotropie dans la biréfringence des ondes transversales n'a pas répondu à ses promesses initiales, à savoir ouvrir une nouvelle voie dans la compréhension des phénomènes de fissures et de contraintes dans la croûte terrestre. Dans cet article sont présentés deux développements révélés récemment, qui paraissent raviver ces premiers espoirs et apportent des opportunités nouvelles pour le contrôle, la modélisation et même la prévision des déformations (avant fracture) dans les roches microfracturées et saturées de fluides.Ainsi, un modèle de poroélasticité (APE) développé récemment concerne l'évolution sous contraintes des roches microfracturées et saturées en fluide et reproduit une large gamme de phénomènes, qui seraient autrement inexpliqués ou dissociés, et semble être une bonne approximation au premier ordre de l'évolution des roches microfracturées et saturées en fluide. Puisque les paramètres qui contrôlent à petite échelle la déformation (avant fracture) contrôlent aussi la biréfringence des ondes transversales, il apparaît que l'évolution des roches microfracturées et saturées peut être aussi directement contrôlée par cette biréfringence et que la réponse à des changements futurs peut être prédite par l'APE.Le bon usage de la modélisation de l'APE et des observations de la biréfringence des ondes transversales implique que la plupart des roches soient proches d'un stade de fracturation critique associé à une percolation limite, situation où la résistance aux contraintes transversales disparaît et où les fractures transversales peuvent se propager. Ceci corrobore une autre hypothèse concernant la mise en situation critique spontanée des roches in situ. La conséquence de cette identification est que la physique à petite échelle, qui contrôle l'ensemble du phénomène, peut maintenant être associée aux contraintes générées par les fluides baignant les fissures intergranulaires. Ceci a probablement l'avantage unique, parmi les systèmes critiques, de donner la possibilité de contrôler en chaque point les détails des déformations avant fracture et l'approche du seuil critique (dans ce cas l'approche d'une fracturation), au moyen d'observations adéquates de la biréfringence des ondes transversales.Cet article passe en revue ces développements et commente leurs conséquences et leurs applications, en particulier les conséquences sur la mise en situation critique des roches spontanément. L'étape suivante sera d'exploiter ces techniques pour modéliser, contrôler et prédire les effets de changements de conditions sur la déformation de la masse rocheuse. Copyright © 1998, Institut français du pétrole understanding cracks and stress in the crust. This paper reviews two recent related developments which appear to renew these initial hopes and provide new opportunities for monitoring, modelling, and even predicting, the (pre-fracturing) deformation of fluid-saturated microcracked rock. SHEAR-WAVE SPLITTING INA recently developed model of anisotropic poro-elasticity (APE) for the stress-induced ev...

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Section: Ape-modellingsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Anisotropic Poro-elasticity Apementioning

confidence: 67%

Shear-Wave Splitting in a Critical Crust: the Next Step

Crampin

1998

Rev. Inst. Fr. Pét.

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“…The interpretation of textures and microstructures in polyphase deformed rocks is complicated, especially if low-symmetry phases and complex chemical compositions are involved. In amphibolites, both these factors must be considered, so that quantitative textural analysis as well as phase distribution and chemically enhanced features should be evaluated (Brodie and Rutter 1985;Kenkmann and Dresen 2002). Hornblende.…”

Section: Origin and Meaning Of Textures And Microstruc-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the temperature decreases, other mechanisms such as twining, solution mass transfer, and dissolution-precipitation creep become more important (e.g., Dollinger and Blacic 1975;Biermann 1981;Imon et al 2002). A dominant brittle behavior, with minor solution mass transfer, is documented under lower-temperature conditions (Allison and La Tour 1977;Brodie and Rutter 1985;Nyman et al 1992;Lafrance and Vernon 1993;Stü nitz 1993;Babaie and La Tour 1994;Berger and Stü nitz 1996;Imon et al 2004;Díaz Azpiroz et al 2007). Rigid-body rotation (Ildefonse et al 1990;Shelley 1994;Berger and Stü nitz 1996;Díaz Azpiroz et al 2007;Tatham et al 2008) and solution transfer-oriented growth (Shelley 1989) have been recognized as an effective mechanisms for textural and SPO development at low metamorphic grade.…”

Section: Origin and Meaning Of Textures And Microstruc-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabric Development in a Middle Devonian Intraoceanic Subduction Regime: The Careón Ophiolite (Northwest Spain)

Barreiro

Catalán²,

Prior³

et al. 2010

The Journal of Geology

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“…Such alteration products can influence the rheological properties of shear zones [e.g., Vernon, 1977;Brodie and Rutter, 1985;Mdvel and Cannat, 1992;Gillis et al, 1993]. However, rheological models [e.g., Chen and Molnar, 1983;Lin and Parmentier, 1989; do not include these phases, owing partly to the scarcity of mechanical data, but also to a lack of information on their distribution and abundance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ridge segmentation, tectonic evolution and rheology of slow-spreading oceanic crust

Escartı́n¹

1996

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Two-thirds of the Earth's surface is oceanic crust formed by magmatic and tectonic processes along mid-ocean ridges. Slow-spreading ridges, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, are discontinuous and composed of ridge segments. Segments are thus fundamental units of magmatic accretion and tectonic deformation that control the evolution of the crust. The objective of this Thesis is to constrain the tectonic processes that occur at the scale of slowspreading segments, to identify the factors controlling segment propagation, and to provide constraints on lithospheric strength with laboratory deformation experiments.In chapter 2, bathymetry and gravity from various areas along the global mid-ocean ridge system are analyzed to quantify systematic variations at the scale of individual segments. There is a marked asymmetry in bathymetry and gravity in the vicinity of segment offsets. We develop a model of faulting to explain these observations. Low-angle faults appear to accommodate tectonic extension at the inside corners of ridge-offset intersections, and result in substantially uplifted terrain with thin crust with respect to that at the outside corners or centers of segments.Results from Chapter 3 indicate that the crust magmatically emplaced on axis is not maintained off-axis. This transition is revealed by both statistical and spectral analyses of bathymetry and gravity. Tectonic extension varies along the length of a segment, resulting in thinning and uplift of the crust at ridge-offset inside corners, and a decorrelation between bathymetry and gravity patterns. Tectonic deformation substantially reshapes the oceanic crust that is magmatically emplaced on-axis, and strongly controls the crustal structure and seafloor morphology off-axis.Satellite gravity data over the Atlantic shown in Chapter 4 reveal a complex history of ridge segmentation, and provides constraints on the processes driving the propagation of segments. The pattern of segmentation is controlled mainly by the geometry of the ridge axis, and secondarily by hot spots. Segments migrate primarily down regional gradients associated with hot spot swells. However, the lack of correlation between gradients and propagation rate, and the propagation up gradient of some offsets, suggest that additional factors control propagation (e.g., variations in lithospheric strength). Most non-transform offsets are short-lived and migrating, while transform offsets are long-lived and stable.Both the propagation of segments (Chapter 4) tectonism along a segment (Chapters 2 and 3) are controlled by the lithospheric rheology. In Chapter 5 I present results from laboratory deformation experiments on serpentinite. These experiments demonstrate that serpentinites are considerably weaker than peridotites or gabbros, display a non-dilatant style of brittle deformation, and strain is accommodated by shear cracking. Serpentinites may weaken the lithosphere, enhance strain localization along faults, and control the style of faulting. Thesis supervisor:Jian Lin Title:Associate...

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On the Relationship between Deformation and Metamorphism, with Special Reference to the Behavior of Basic Rocks

Cited by 170 publications

References 76 publications

Shear-Wave Splitting in a Critical Crust: the Next Step

Shear-Wave Splitting in a Critical Crust: the Next Step

Fabric Development in a Middle Devonian Intraoceanic Subduction Regime: The Careón Ophiolite (Northwest Spain)

Ridge segmentation, tectonic evolution and rheology of slow-spreading oceanic crust

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