On the Repression of Rat Liver HMP Shunt Dehydrogenases by Wheat Gluten

Livrea, G; Carrozza, G; Manasseri, Luigi; Muraca, Ugo

doi:10.1093/jn/104.7.957

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In table 3 the levels of plasma insulin are shown. As has previously been found (21)(22)(23)(24), rats fed the gluten diet for 6 days had lower body weight gain, smaller liver and less liver protein than rats fed the casein diet. These effects were overcome by adding a suffi cient amount of Lys and Thr to the gluten.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

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Concomitant Repression by Gluten of HMP Shunt Dehydrogenases, Citrate Cleavage Enzyme and Malic Enzyme in Rat Liver and Adipose Tissue

Livrea

Carrozza

Manasseri

et al. 1976

The Journal of Nutrition

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On the basis of previous results which indicate that a gluten diet represses hexose monophosphate shunt dehydrogenases (HMPD) in the rat liver, the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), citrate cleavage enzyme (CCE) and malic enzyme (ME), as well as plasma insulin levels, were examined in the liver and epididymal fat pad of male rats fed diets contain ing as their nitrogenous component, either casein, gluten, or gluten supple mented with Lys and Thr after protein deprivation. The gluten diet re pressed the activities of HMPD, CCE and ME. The intensity and the nature of the repression was different in liver and in adipose tissue. In the liver the repression of HMPD was greater than that of CCE and ME and in no case was the enzyme repression prevented by addition of Lys and Thr to the gluten diet. In the adipose tissue the repression of CCE and ME was greater than that of HMPD and in all cases the repression was pre vented by addition of Lys and Thr. The enzyme responses were inde pendent of any direct effect of the diets on insulin secretion and, as might be inferred from the constant levels of liver glycogen, independent of any effect on other hormones involved in the coordination of various phases of lipid metabolism and in its integration with carbohydrate metabolism. These results are consistent with the view that in the liver the levels of lipogenic enzymes are controlled by different regulatory mechanisms than in the adipose tissue. J. Nutr. 106: 335-341, 1976. INDEXING KEY WORDS gluten â€¢liver â€¢adipose tissue â€¢HMP shunt dehydrogenases â€¢citrate cleavage enzyme â€¢malic enzyme It has been known for many years (1) elevated in fasting and refeeding (2-8), that the enzyme profile of the liver cell can intermittent starvation and refeeding (6, be drastically changed by a great variety of 9-11), after feeding diets high in glucose dietary, hormonal, and pharmacologie (12) or in fructose (12-15). They are stimuli (2). Of the NADP-linked liver en-also lowered by feeding diets high in fats zymes, the hexose monophosphate shunt (16) or in refeeding, after a period of dehydrogenases (HMPD) and malic en-starvation, with diets low in protein (17). zyme (ME) are among those which exhibit The above modifications are accompanied the largest variation from one physiologic by analogous changes in the various encircumstance to another (2). zymes of lipogenesis (8, 16-20). The activity of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phospho-Received for publication January 15, 1975. glllCOnate dehydrogenase (6PGD) are iThis investigation has been supported by a ree T , .T" 6 .. i.. .1 search grant from the Consiglio Nazionale delle regulated by dietary stimuli since they are Ricerche, Italy. 335

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In our previous studies of the effect of dietary protein on the response of HMPD we have shown that in rats fed a gluten diet, the HMPD activity did not reach the level found in the rats fed the casein diet. This effect was independent of both the amino acid composition of the gluten and of its essential fatty acids content (21)(22)(23)(24)(25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant Repression by Gluten of HMP Shunt Dehydrogenases, Citrate Cleavage Enzyme and Malic Enzyme in Rat Liver and Adipose Tissue

Livrea

Carrozza

Manasseri

et al. 1976

The Journal of Nutrition

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Effects of Quantity and Quality of Dietary Protein and Variation in Certain Enzyme Activities on Glucose Metabolism in the Rat

Péret

Chanez

et al. 1975

The Journal of Nutrition

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This study attempted to determine whether the quantity and the quality of protein intake could influence the activity of some enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, adult rats were fed for 23 days a diet containing different levels (10 to 70%) and qualities (casein, wheat gluten, and egg yolk) of protein. Variations in liver enzyme activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), malic enzyme (ME), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were studied. Also the changes in enzyme activities were compared with changes in food intake and body weight gain. Increasing the protein level produced a progressive fall in the activities of ME and PK. The decrease in PK activity was greater when the biological value of the dietary proteins was higher (P less than 0.05). On the other hand, the activities of G6PDH and PEPCK increased as the protein level increased. The activity of G6Pase was unchanged. The relationship between the two opposing enzyme activities PK and PEPCK, in relation to protein intake, shows that for each protein studied, the equilibrium between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis was obtained at different protein intakes (1.5, 1.9, and 2.2 g of protein/day/100 g of body weight, respectively, for egg yolk, casein, and wheat gluten) regardless of daily consumption of energy as carbohydrate, which are similar (8 to 9 kcal/day/100 g of body weight). This equilibrium also corresponded to the maximum weight gain (5 g) of the experimental animals. In conclusion, the experimental method used permits a simultaneous assessment of the protein and carbohydrate requirements ensuring the best weight gain in young adult rats.

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On the Repression of Rat Liver HMP Shunt Dehydrogenases by Wheat Gluten

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Concomitant Repression by Gluten of HMP Shunt Dehydrogenases, Citrate Cleavage Enzyme and Malic Enzyme in Rat Liver and Adipose Tissue

Concomitant Repression by Gluten of HMP Shunt Dehydrogenases, Citrate Cleavage Enzyme and Malic Enzyme in Rat Liver and Adipose Tissue

Effects of Quantity and Quality of Dietary Protein and Variation in Certain Enzyme Activities on Glucose Metabolism in the Rat

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