“…Additive topological-derivatives are few, and the existing ones have not yet been used for topology optimization in the way that subtractive topological derivative has in approaches such level set methods. Indeed, Nazarov et al (2004Nazarov et al ( , 2005 developed a topological derivative for the energy functional due to the addition of thin ligaments when the state equation is a Poisson equation, Gangl (2020) developed a topological derivative for multi-material problems, and for graphs, such as trusses, Leugering and Sokolowski (2008) performed sensitivity analysis with respect to changing its topology-see also Lee (2008), which considers an asymptotic expansion of the topological gradient for a hole to decide whether an existing hole must be removed or not in the design domain. Recently, an independent work by Dapogny (2020Dapogny ( , 2021 considered an additive approach in a different context, where the bar can be a curve in twodimensional or three-dimensional space.…”