On the role of extratropical air‐sea interaction in the persistence of the Southern Annular Mode

Xiao, Bei; Zhang, Yang; Yang, Xiu‐Qun; Nie, Yu

doi:10.1002/2016gl070255

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Many studies have suggested that the Arctic warming can induce AO‐like atmospheric response (e.g., Butler et al, ; Nie et al, ). Variations of AO and WP are closely related to the change of sea ice (e.g., Linkin & Nigam, ; Overland et al, ) as well as the SST anomalies in extratropical and tropical oceans (e.g., Kwon et al, ; Xiao et al, ). The latter is suggested influence the TP snowfall by modulating the moisture supply as well (Yuan et al, , ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Arctic‐Tibetan Connection on Subseasonal to Seasonal Time Scale

Zhang

Zou

Xue

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Recent research indicates the great potentials of springtime land surface temperature (LST) as a new source of predictability to improve the subseasonal to seasonal climate prediction. In this study, we explore the initial cause of the springtime large‐scale LST in Tibetan Plateau (TP) and disentangle its close connection with the February wave activities from the Arctic region. Our Maximum Covariance Analysis show that the spring LST in TP is significantly coupled with the regional snow cover in the preceding months. The latter is further strongly coupled with the February atmospheric circulation and wave activities in mid‐to‐high latitudes. When the atmospheric circulation is in a combined pattern of Arctic Oscillation and West Pacific teleconnection pattern, wave trains from the Arctic can propagate and reach the TP through northern and southern pathways. This brings dynamical and moisture conditions for the TP snowfall and builds a bridge for Arctic‐Tibetan connection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Arctic‐Tibetan Connection on Subseasonal to Seasonal Time Scale

Zhang

Zou

Xue

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Besides the wave source, the teleconnection pattern also depends on the propagation of those Rossby waves. In extratropics, those waves triggered by tropical heating are always reinforced by nonlinear baroclinic eddy-mean flow feedbacks (Nie et al, 2014;Zhou et al, 2017) and atmospheric-ocean/land interactions (Fang & Yang, 2016;Xiao et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2019). A full understanding of the atmospheric response to tropical SST anomalies and the teleconnection pattern simulations must take into account the aggregate effects of the extratropical transient waves (Hoskins & Valdes, 1990) as well, which needs future investigations.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter and Summer Rossby Wave Sources in the CMIP5 Models

Nie

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

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The Rossby wave source (RWS) in the upper troposphere plays an important role in the tropical‐extratropical teleconnections. Using the daily outputs from the Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models, the overall model performances in simulating the climatological Rossby wave sources in both winter and summer are evaluated. The ensemble mean of the CMIP5 models can simulate the large‐scale geographical distributions of the RWS reasonably close to the observations, with the simulations of RWS in general better in the Southern Hemisphere. For the Northern Hemisphere, most models overestimate the subtropical RWS but underestimate the midlatitude RWS in both winter and summer. Many models even fail to simulate the seasonal source‐sink shift of RWS in East Asia. Greatest intermodel differences are shown in East Asia, western North America in both seasons, and in the subtropical belt in winter hemisphere. Possible reasons for the model biases in RWS are further investigated. In the Northern Hemisphere, our analysis shows that model performance in simulating the local divergence, which might relate to the overly smoothed topography in Asia and western North America in the model, is most responsible for the biases of the RWS simulations. In the Southern Hemisphere, the bias in subtropical divergence pattern and tropical convection all contribute to the intermodel divergence of RWS simulation.

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“…The occurrence of SSWs can be well explained by planetary wave forcing originating from the troposphere (Andrews et al, 1987; Matsuno, 1971). Although planetary waves are usually weaker in the Southern Hemisphere as compared with the Northern Hemisphere due to comparatively weak land‐sea thermal contrasts and smaller orography (e.g., Waugh & Polvani, 2010), they may occasionally amplify via atmospheric blocking, specific circulation patterns, or other atmospheric external forcing (e.g., Nie et al, 2013; Nishii et al, 2009; Nishii & Nakamura, 2004; Shen et al, 2020; Xiao et al, 2016). As a result, the upward propagation of planetary waves into the stratosphere can be enhanced via the linear interference between anomalous and climatological planetary waves, and the nonlinear instantaneous contributions from anomalous planetary waves (Nishii et al, 2009; Smith & Kushner, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric Forcing of the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

Shen

Wang

Osprey

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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The strongest and most persistent upward propagation of zonal wavenumber 1 (WN1) Rossby waves from the troposphere on record led to the rare Antarctic sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in September 2019. The dynamical contribution from instantaneous anomalous WN1 and its linear interference with the climatological WN1 contributed equally to the event. The unprecedented WN1 planetary wave behavior is further attributed to a long-lived midlatitude circumpolar Rossby wave train in the troposphere that was sustained by anomalous convection, first over the subtropical Pacific Ocean east of Australia and then over the eastern South Pacific. Besides the tropospheric wave forcing, the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation in the upper stratosphere also facilitated the weakening of polar vortex. Moreover, this SSW strongly influenced the tropospheric circulation via the Southern annular mode, favoring conditions linked to the 2019 bushfires in eastern Australia. Plain Language Summary A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is an extreme event associated with rapid warming high up in the stratosphere, which can influence weather conditions at the surface. In September 2019, a rare strong SSW occurred in the Southern Hemisphere, providing further insight into these events. Here, we show that this SSW was caused by exceptionally strong and long-lasting atmospheric waves propagating upward from the troposphere into the stratosphere. Anomalous tropical convection is a possible source for these large-scale atmospheric waves. Besides, the zonal winds in the tropical upper stratosphere set a favorable background condition for the occurrence of the SSW. Our results also link the SSW to subsequent anomalous tropospheric circulation and the late 2019 bushfires in eastern Australia.

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On the role of extratropical air‐sea interaction in the persistence of the Southern Annular Mode

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

An Arctic‐Tibetan Connection on Subseasonal to Seasonal Time Scale

An Arctic‐Tibetan Connection on Subseasonal to Seasonal Time Scale

Winter and Summer Rossby Wave Sources in the CMIP5 Models

Tropospheric Forcing of the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

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