On the Role of Financial Support Programs in Mitigating the Sars-CoV-2 Spread in Brazil

Albani, Vinicius; Albani, Roseane; Bobko, Nara; Massad, Eduardo; Zubelli, Jorge P.

doi:10.1101/2021.11.30.21267063

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We identified a further four studies published after the review searches were undertaken (Albani et al 2021, Bourdeaux et al 2021, Homaie Rad et al 2021, Johnson et al 2022). Alongside the five studies identified from reviews, a total of nine primary studies are included in this report.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

What is the effectiveness of financial support schemes for individuals requested to self-isolate following a positive Covid test or positive contact: A rapid review

Winfield¹,

Elston²,

Washington³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Testing for COVID-19 has been deployed globally as a tool to interrupt transmission through isolating positive contacts from the broader population. Financial support systems have been deployed to increase the isolation compliance, there is uncertainty as to the effectiveness of these measures. Three reviews were identified, as well as four primary studies that were published after the review search dates. Six studies showed that financial support for isolation was associated with a higher compliance to isolate. Two epidemiological modelling studies found that increased levels of social isolation were associated with a reduction in COVID-19 transmission. The findings from a DCE demonstrated a positive relationship with longer isolation duration and higher financial requirements. An economic model showed that support programmes have the potential to be a cost-effective intervention. A retrospective observational study offered evidence supporting the viability of delivering medically assisted isolation hotels for people unable to isolate at home. Further to the COVID-19 literature, two household surveys found that financial support and improved social restriction information was associated with compliance with H1N1 isolation Policy and practice implications: There is limited evidence to suggest that financial support for isolation can increase compliance, lower social engagement, and reduce infection levels. There is insufficient evidence to inform the optimal scale of financial support required There was no evidence related to effectiveness of financial support for disadvantaged populations who are required to isolate or any insight to the impact of financial support on equality The overall certainty in the evidence is relatively low. Most studies relied on participant reported data on preference or behaviour, and where observational data were used there were issues with data quality and unobserved cofounders.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two epidemiological modelling studies evaluated whether there was a reduction in COVID-19 transmission due to an increase in social isolation (Albani et al 2021, Pichler et al 2020). Pichler et al (2020) estimated the impact of unconditional sick leave to support individuals who may need to self-isolate in the USA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the effectiveness of financial support schemes for individuals requested to self-isolate following a positive Covid test or positive contact: A rapid review

Winfield¹,

Elston²,

Washington³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The model accounts for the following five compartments, susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected (I), recovered (R) and deceased (D). The progress between the compartments is defined by the dynamical system of ordinary differential equations below [26]: normaldSnormaldt=−βfalse(tfalse)SI, normaldEnormaldt=βfalse(tfalse)SI−σE, normaldInormaldt=σE−false(γfalse(tfalse)+δfalse(tfalse)false)I, normaldRnormaldt=γfalse(tfalse)I 2emand2emnormaldDnormaldt=δfalse(tfalse)I.The time-dependent transmission parameter is denoted by β ( t ) and the infection to onset mean time is represented by 1/ σ , which is set to 5.1 days [27]. The quantity γ denotes the recovery rate and δ ( t ) is the death rate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nowcasting and forecasting COVID-19 waves: the recursive and stochastic nature of transmission

Albani

Massad

et al. 2022

R. Soc. open sci.

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We propose a parsimonious, yet effective, susceptible–exposed–infected–removed-type model that incorporates the time change in the transmission and death rates. The model is calibrated by Tikhonov-type regularization from official reports from New York City (NYC), Chicago, the State of São Paulo, in Brazil and British Columbia, in Canada. To forecast, we propose different ways to extend the transmission parameter, considering its estimated values. The forecast accuracy is then evaluated using real data from the above referred places. All the techniques accurately provided forecast scenarios for periods 15 days long. One of the models effectively predicted the magnitude of the four waves of infections in NYC, including the one caused by the Omicron variant for periods of 45 days using out-of-sample data.

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“…The model accounts for the following five compartments, susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected (I), recovered (R), and deceased (D). The progress between the compartments is defined by the dynamical system of ordinary differential equations below [26]: The time-dependent transmission parameter is denoted by β ( t ) and the infection to onset mean time is represented by 1 /σ , which is set to 5.1 days [27]. The quantity γ denotes the recovery rate and δ ( t ) is the death rate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Describing the Disease Spread Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nowcasting and Forecasting COVID-19 Waves: The Recursive and Stochastic Nature of Transmission

Albani

Massad

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We propose a parsimonious, yet effective, susceptible-exposed-infected-removed-type model that incorporates the time change in the transmission and death rates. The model is calibrated by Tikhonov-type regularization from official reports from New York City (NYC), Chicago, the State of São Paulo, in Brazil, and British Columbia, in Canada. To forecast, we propose different ways to extend the transmission parameter, considering its estimated values. The forecast accuracy is then evaluated using real data from the above referred places. All the techniques accurately provided forecast scenarios for periods 15 days long. One of the models effectively predicted the magnitude of the four waves of infections in NYC, including the one caused by the Omicron variant for periods of 45 days long using out-of-sample data.

show abstract

On the Role of Financial Support Programs in Mitigating the Sars-CoV-2 Spread in Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

What is the effectiveness of financial support schemes for individuals requested to self-isolate following a positive Covid test or positive contact: A rapid review

What is the effectiveness of financial support schemes for individuals requested to self-isolate following a positive Covid test or positive contact: A rapid review

Nowcasting and forecasting COVID-19 waves: the recursive and stochastic nature of transmission

Nowcasting and Forecasting COVID-19 Waves: The Recursive and Stochastic Nature of Transmission

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