On the role of fronto-striatal neural synchronization processes for response inhibition—Evidence from ERP phase-synchronization analyses in pre-manifest Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers

Alpha–theta border EEG abnormalities in preclinical Huntington's disease

“…ERO reflect brain electrical activity in response to specific sensory or cognitive events occurring at a specific time and are functionally distinct from spontaneous resting EEG rhythms. Oscillations in the delta or theta frequency band are amplified in conditions where demands on cognitive control and behavioural monitoring are high [62][63][64]17]. The delta and theta ERO underlie event related cognitive potentials N2 and P3.…”

“…components of event-related potential (ERP) and delta activity related to their generation were shown to be reduced in Pre-HD subjects as compared to healthy controls during a complex task that was a combination of a ''Stroop Task'' and a ''Set-shifting Task'' [62][63][64]. These neurophysiological alterations were found to increase during the 15-month period after initial baseline measurements were taken as well as during the subsequent 6-month period [17].…”

The impact of mental workload on inhibitory control subprocesses

“…Traditionally, inhibitory control processes are often examined using Go/NoGo tasks (Beste et al, 2011;Casey et al, 1997;Nieuwenhuis et al, 2003;Ocklenburg et al, 2013;Rubia et al, 2001;Stock et al, 2014). In these paradigms, stimulus-response contingencies that trigger largely automatized reactions are established.…”

Deep brain stimulation in the globus pallidus compensates response inhibition deficits: evidence from pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration

“…The P3 component likely reflects evaluative processing of the successful outcome of the inhibition (e.g., Huster et al 2013;Beste et al 2010Beste et al , 2011. The fact that disease-related changes in the globus pallidus, as evidenced by the MRI scans of the patient, affects both electrophysiological correlates of response inhibition subprocesses suggests that pre-motor inhibition processes and outcome evaluation processes depend on proper functioning of the globus pallidus.…”

“…It is likely that also errormonitoring processes are changed in PKAN, but we wanted to test to role of the GP by means of a GP-related pathology for another instance of cognitive control processes to broaden the perspective beyond what is already known from previous studies on error-monitoring (e.g., Beste et al 2014). Response inhibition functions were chosen because response inhibition has been shown to be altered in neurodegenerative basal ganglia diseases like Parkinson's and Huntington's disease (e.g., Beste et al 2009Beste et al , 2010Beste et al , 2011 and hence diseases that are also known to be accompanied by altered iron metabolism (e.g., Funke et al 2013;Mochizuki and Yasuda 2012;Kell 2010), as evident in PKAN. Furthermore, frontostriatal loops are important for these cognitive control subprocesses (for review: Bari and Robbins 2013).…”