On the Role of Global and Regional Factors in the Development of the Epidemic Process of Anthroponotic Infections

Abstract

Relevance. In the modern period, scientific works that would give a detailed assessment of the influence of certain factors on the development of the epidemic process are extremely rare. The current situation is largely due to the fact that the methodology of such studies is not sufficiently developed. Epidemiologists do not always have a clear idea of what influence certain factors have on the manifestations of the epidemic process in various infections. Purpose of research: The aim of the study is to give an epidemiological assessment of the influence of global and regional factors on the development of the epidemic process and the formation of the epidemiological situation in the region on the example of the spread of infections with different transmission mechanisms. Conclusions: Based on the analysis of publications based on the results of the author's own research and literature data, the paper substantiates the importance of identifying risk factors and evaluating them as one of the most important results of epidemiological diagnostics. A classification of risk factors is presented, which contributes to a more objective understanding of the spectrum of influence of each factor on various aspects of the development of the epidemic process. On the example of individual infections, an epidemiological assessment of the factors that can potentially influence the formation of the epidemiological situation in the region is given. It is shown that globally active factors, apparently, mainly determine the formation of trends in the long-term dynamics of morbidity, while regional factors determine the level of morbidity, the intensity of its rise and fall in the region. Keywords: epidemic process; anthroponoses; risk factors; classification; morbidity