On the Role of Grain Size and Carbon Content on the Sensitization and Desensitization Behavior of 301 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Kolli, Satish; Javaheri, Vahid; Kömi, Jukka; Porter, David

doi:10.3390/met9111193

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Many researchers have contributed toward the understanding of sensitization of stainless steels that led to IGC and IGSCC-related corrosion issues. Furthermore, many studies have also devoted to studying different factors such as deformation [7,[11][12][13][14][15][16], grain size [17,18], grain misorientation [10,19], GB character [20][21][22], which affect sensitization kinetics. It is understood that invariably cold working cannot be avoided, and a certain amount of plastic strain is always present in the steels due to manufacturing activities.…”

Section: Sensitization: the Understandings And Current Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitization of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Current Developments, Trends, and Future Directions

Srinivasan

2021

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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In this manuscript, the latest developments pertaining to sensitization are discussed. Sensitization leads to intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking. The advantages and disadvantages of conventional methods to combat sensitization are elaborated. Emerging/newer techniques such as grain boundary engineering, creation of orientation gradients, and high density of twinning to improve resistance to sensitization are also covered. Detection and monitoring of deleterious phase precipitation such as carbides, nitrides, and other intermetallic phases during operation necessitate making use of nondestructive testing (NDT) methods. Possible information that we get from NDT is for material characterization includes the size, shape, and location of a defect. Herein, the significant developments for monitoring and detection of phases concerning sensitization by NDT are discussed. These range from magnetic methods to ultrasonic techniques. The multi-physics approach is essential to fully utilize NDT to ensure/predict the lifetime of the components used in the industry. Further, proper selection of suitable NDT for defect detection can avert accidents, catastrophic failures, and economic losses due to corrosion degradation. For this, the corrosion engineer/corrosionist properly apply the suitable techniques (prevention, monitoring, and assessment) to address the issues of sensitization among the wide choice available.

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Section: Sensitization: the Understandings And Current Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitization of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Current Developments, Trends, and Future Directions

Srinivasan

2021

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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“…The authors of [ 27 ] studied boundary chromium depletion and degree of sensitization of 301 austenitic SS and found a dependence of these phenomena on the austenitic grain size. The authors of [ 28 ] recorded that an increase in nickel content significantly supports formation of chromium carbides by reduction of carbon solubility in austenite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sensitization on the Susceptibility of AISI 316L Biomaterial to Pitting Corrosion

Zatkalíková,

Uhríčik,

Markovičová

et al. 2023

Materials

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Due to the combination of high corrosion resistance and suitable mechanical properties, AISI 316L stainless steel is extensively used as the biomaterial for surgical implants. However, heat exposure in inappropriate temperatures can cause its sensitization accompanied by chromium depletion along the grain boundaries. This study deals with an assessment of the susceptibility of sensitized AISI 316L biomaterial to pitting under conditions simulating the internal environment of the human body (Hank’s balanced salt solution, 37 ± 0.5 °C). The resistance to pitting corrosion is tested by the potentiodynamic polarization and by the 50-day exposure immersion test. Corrosion damage after the exposure immersion test is evaluated in the specimens’ cross-sections by optical microscope and SEM. Despite passive behavior in potentiodynamic polarization and shallow, slight corrosion damage observed after exposure, the sensitized AISI 316L biomaterial could represent a risk, especially in long-term implantation even after the chemical removal of high-temperature oxides.

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“…This low carbon content is attributed to the typical corrosion resistance in 304L stainless steel. Chromium depletion from the grain boundaries is avoided because of the unavailability of sufficient carbon for carbide formation in the process of sensitization [1][2][3]. Alloy 304L exhibits deep drawing capacity with excellent resistance to corrosion as well as relative ease in fabrication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Fiber YAG Laser Welding of 304L Stainless Steel

Mahmoud

AlMohamadi

Aljabri

et al. 2021

Metals

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This work aims to optimize the main YAG fiber laser parameters to weld 304L stainless steel plates of 3 mm thick. Different laser powers (2500, 2000, and 1500 W) and speeds (60, 40, and 20 mm/s) were used and merged in heat input, maintaining the defocusing distance at –2 mm to get full penetration. The weld quality and the effect of the laser heat input on the microstructures of the weld and heat-affected zones were investigated. Besides, the fracture strength of the welded joints and hardness distribution through the cross-sections were evaluated. The weld width has a direct relationship with heat input. The laser power of 2800 W produced full penetration joints without any macro defects while reduction in laser power pronounced partial penetration defects. The size of the heat-affected zone in all the processing parameters was very small. The microstructure of the weld zone shows columnar dendrite austenite grains with small arm spacing in most of the welded zone. The size of the dendrites became finer at lower heat input. At a higher heat input, a reasonable amount of lathy equiaxed grains with some delta ferrite occurred. A small amount of delta ferrite was detected in the heat-affected zone, which prevented the crack formation. The hardness of the weld metal was much higher than that of the base metal in all processing parameters and it has a reverse relationship with the heat input. The fracture strength of the welded joints was very close to that of the base metal in the defect-free samples and it increased with decreasing the heat input.

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On the Role of Grain Size and Carbon Content on the Sensitization and Desensitization Behavior of 301 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Sensitization of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Current Developments, Trends, and Future Directions

Sensitization of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Current Developments, Trends, and Future Directions

The Effect of Sensitization on the Susceptibility of AISI 316L Biomaterial to Pitting Corrosion

A Study on the Fiber YAG Laser Welding of 304L Stainless Steel

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