On the role of the olivocochlear bundle in hearing: A case study

Scharf, Bertram; Magnan, Jacques; Collet, Lionel; Ulmer, E; Chays, A.

doi:10.1016/0378-5955(94)90051-5

Cited by 138 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The other central mechanism may be mediated by temporal changes in attention filters (Wright and Dai 1994a,b). The olivocochlear efferent fibers may also be involved because the efferent-sectioned subjects show greatly widened auditory attention filters (Scharf et al 1994(Scharf et al , 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Masking in Electric Hearing

Zeng

Chen

Han

2005

JARO

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Temporal masking can be defined as the detection threshold of a brief signal as a function of the signal delay in a relatively long masker. The temporal masking pattern in normal acoustic hearing reveals temporal edge enhancement in which the signal detection threshold is greater near the masker onset than in the steady-state portion. Both peripheral and central mechanisms appear to underlie temporal edge enhancement, but their relative contributions remain elusive. Cochlear implants bypass cochlear mechanical processing and stimulate the auditory nerve directly, thereby providing a unique opportunity to separate the peripheral mechanisms from the central mechanisms. Here, we systematically measured temporal masking in electric hearing by examining whether a brief signal was harder to detect at the onset than in the steady-state portion of a long masker (the Bovershoot^effect). The signal and the masker were presented (1) either to the same electrode or to different electrodes, (2) at the same stimulation or different rates, and (3) in a simultaneous or an interleaved fashion. A consistent pattern of results was observed, depending on the stimulus configuration between the signal and the masker. Simultaneous stimulation at the same rate and with the same electrode produced no difference in sensitivity between the onset and the steady-state conditions, but interleaved stimulation at different rates or with different electrodes produced a significant difference. Unlike acoustic hearing, high masker levels produced an overshoot effect, and low masker levels produced an undershoot effect. Although the present results are consistent with the Bon-frequency vs. off-frequency^hypothesis for the overshoot effect, results also suggest a central Bsame vs. different^mechanism underlying temporal masking. These results have practical implications for improving cochlear implant design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Masking in Electric Hearing

Zeng

Chen

Han

2005

JARO

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“…Results obtained in subjects who had had vestibular neurotomy and in whom the olivocochlear efferents had been surgically cut have been interpreted as indications of the fact that olivocochlear bundle functioning plays no role in suprathreshold loudness adaptation, whether simple or induced by a contralateral intermittent tone (Scharf, Magnan, & Chays, 1997;Scharf, Magnan, Collet, Ulmer, & Chays, 1994). However, these results were obtained in a limited number ofpatients-seven in all, and not all tested in the same stimulus conditions.…”

Section: Increased Tone Decay In the Presence Of Contralateral Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Tones disappear faster in the right ear than in the left

Khalfa

Micheyl

Pham

et al. 2000

Perception & Psychophysics

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In order to gain further information on the characteristics and physiological correlates oftone decay in humans, the tone decay test was administered to 58 normal-hearing subjects, successively in the left and right ears and in absence and presence of a contralateral noise. The results revealed that tone decay was greater in the right than in the left ear and was increased by contralateral noise. The contralateral effect of this noise on cochlear biomechanisms was then estimated by measuring contralaterally induced variations in the amplitude of click-evoked otoacoustic emissions in the same subjects. In the right ear, the increase in tone decay and the decrease in otoacoustic emission amplitude-both induced by contralateral noise-were positively correlated (r = .315, p =.016). Furthermore, the contralateral changes in otoacoustic emission amplitude were found to be on average larger in the right than in the left ear, this asymmetry being correlated with that observed for the tone decay. These findings are discussed in relation to previous results on simple and induced loudness adaptation in the vicinity of threshold, on contralateral attenuation of otoacoustic emissions and on the influence of the auditory efferents on cochlear biomechanisms.

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“…If this perceptual phenomenon is effectively underlain by neural inhibitory processes, like lateral inhibition, then it should be altered by substances like BZDs, which act upon GABAergic pathways. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that the functioning of the medial olivocochlear system, an auditory efferent subsystem the surgical section of which has been shown to reduce auditory selective attention (Scharf et al, 1994(Scharf et al, , 1997, was altered by BZDs (Morand et al, 1998). In order to test the general hypothesis of an influence of BZDs on auditory selective attention, we measured selective auditory attention before and at several moments after BZDs or placebo intake in subjects using a crossover double-blind paradigm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Benzodiazepines on Auditory Perception

Morand-Villeneuve

Micheyl

Gagnieu

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The aim of this study was to test for an influence of benzodiazepine (BZD) on various perceptual and/or cognitive auditory processes. Loudness, auditory selective attention, and the ability of subjects to form perceptual streams out of alternating tone sequences were tested. Nine subjects were tested before, 1, 3, 7, and 24 h after a single-dose oxazepam vs placebo administration in a crossover design. A sample of blood allows us to measure plasma oxazepam concentration. The results revealed a significant reduction in stream segregation expressed as d 0 scores 1 h after oxazepam intake in the test subjects. No significant change occurred across time in the same subjects when they were administrated a placebo in another session. Furthermore, oxazepam had no substantial and systematic influence either on auditory selective attention or on loudness perception. Altogether, these results suggest that the perceptual organization of sound sequences involves inhibitory neural mechanisms, which can be affected by BZDs. This outcome is consistent with existing models of auditory stream segregation and may be paralleled with earlier findings on the effect of BZDs on perceptual binding in the visual modality.

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On the role of the olivocochlear bundle in hearing: A case study

Cited by 138 publications

References 42 publications

Temporal Masking in Electric Hearing

Temporal Masking in Electric Hearing

Tones disappear faster in the right ear than in the left

Influence of Benzodiazepines on Auditory Perception

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