On the Scale of Particle Clustering Induced by Inhomogeneous Entrainment‐Mixing in Mixed‐Phase Cumulus Clouds

Liu, Yiting; Yang, Jing; Zhao, Guozheng; Deng, Yuting; Lu, Chunsong; Yin, Yan; Jing, Xiaoqin; Wang, Yonggang

doi:10.1029/2023gl107645

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…Li et al 34 illustrated that the drag of downstream particles was changed caused by the change of uniformity of flow behaviors inside the cluster. Liu et al 35 indicated that the heterogeneous entraining and mixing behaviors of droplets and ice crystals destroyed the spatial stability of clusters, causing the change of cluster scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Inhomogeneous Flow Behaviors inside a Particle Cluster in the OCM Reaction

Wang,

Hao,

Song

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Fluidized bed reactors are commonly considered as more effective devices for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction in comparison to traditional fixed bed reactors. In a fluidized bed, particles are prone to agglomerate to generate clusters, changing the original fluidization state and weakening the catalytic ability of catalyst particles. In this study, the inhomogeneous flow behaviors of gaseous species inside a particle cluster were investigated via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method compared to isolated particles. The effect of flow characteristics on the heat transfer and the spatial distribution of products of the OCM reaction were subsequently studied. The results indicated that obstruction caused by outer particles of the cluster resulted in the inhomogeneous flow behaviors inside the cluster, leading to the formation of hot spots, the excessive oxidation of C 2 H 4 , and the generation of CO 2 . C 2 H 4 was found to be unevenly concentrated inside the particle cluster, with a higher level on the upwind side and a lower level on the downwind side, while it was more uniformly distributed in the isolated particle model. The C 2 H 4 yield was significantly lower in the particle cluster model than that in the isolated particle model, with reductions of 47.66% from the peak value and 37.12% from the average value under different working conditions in a model of three-layer 13 particle structure. These results emphasized the uneven flow behaviors of fluids, which impeded the heat transfer between gas and solid and ultimately resulted in the formation of CO 2 and the reduction of C 2 H 4 yield. A prediction model was developed to describe the inhibition effect of uneven flow behaviors on the C 2 H 4 yield. Furthermore, improving uneven flow behaviors to alleviate the cluster effect on reaction efficiency could be a key focus for future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Inhomogeneous Flow Behaviors inside a Particle Cluster in the OCM Reaction

Wang,

Hao,

Song

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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On the Relationship Between Condensed Water Content and Liquid‐Ice Mixing Homogeneity in Mixed‐Phase Stratiform Clouds

Deng,

Yang,

Yin

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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As a key factor influencing the cloud life cycle and radiative properties, liquid‐ice mass partitioning remains a major source of uncertainties in modeling mixed‐phase clouds. One of the unresolved problems is that liquid‐ice mixing is highly inhomogeneous, but it has not been well understood and quantified for parameterization. In this study, the liquid‐ice mixing homogeneity (χ) is quantified using the information‐theoretic entropy based on airborne measurements. It is demonstrated that χ is positively correlated with the condensed water content (CWC). Cloud regions with low χ are consist of liquid and ice clusters. With the increase in χ, the size and frequency of continuous mixed‐phase clusters increase. For a given CWC, χ is lower at relatively warm temperatures as sedimentation of large ice crystals can enhance the inhomogeneity. The strong positive relationship between CWC and χ indicates CWC should be considered when parameterizing the liquid‐ice mixing in models.

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On the Scale of Particle Clustering Induced by Inhomogeneous Entrainment‐Mixing in Mixed‐Phase Cumulus Clouds

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Inhomogeneous Flow Behaviors inside a Particle Cluster in the OCM Reaction

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Inhomogeneous Flow Behaviors inside a Particle Cluster in the OCM Reaction

On the Relationship Between Condensed Water Content and Liquid‐Ice Mixing Homogeneity in Mixed‐Phase Stratiform Clouds

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