On the security and confidentiality of quantum key distribution

Al-Ghamdi, Al-Batool; Al-Sulami, Ameenah; Aljahdali, Asia

doi:10.1002/spy2.111

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…This integration allows for the utilization of the complete set of advanced encryption algorithms. The standard still maintains the Level III and Level V levels in the secure quantum computer attack environment, and there is no need to change the original encryption architecture of Rijndael, as [10] did, which successfully achieves the purpose of this research project.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Maintaining Secure Level on Symmetric Encryption under Quantum Attack

et al. 2023

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Quantum computing is currently being researched in many countries, and if implemented in the near future, it may pose a threat to existing encryption standards. In the quantum computer environment, asymmetric encryption can be solved by Shor’s Algorithm in polynomial time, and the difficulty of breaking symmetric encryption using brute force is reduced from N times to square root N times by Grover’s Algorithm. We take the Advanced Encryption Standard as the theme and increase the key length from the original standard 192 bits and 256 bits to 384 bits and 512 bits, respectively, in order to maintain the security level of AES 192/256 under the environment of quantum computing, so we propose the key schedule of AES 384/512, and write the software in C++ on FPGA. The experimental results show that our scheme can achieve Level III and Level V security levels in a quantum computer attack environment. In addition to increasing the length of the key, we use the LUT method in the process of writing SubBytes to replace the array and speed up the computation to optimize the execution speed. In addition, the proposed scheme is still based on 128-bit computing blocks, rather than computing blocks in larger blocks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…However, the computing power of current quantum computers is not sufficiently strong [9,10], therefore there are still has many problems to overcome.…”

Section: Quantum Computermentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintaining Secure Level on Symmetric Encryption under Quantum Attack

et al. 2023

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“…In Scheme 2, a single imposition of a quantum sequence leads to the imposition of the next channel authentication key, which in turn can lead to the permanent imposition of a quantum sequence and as a consequence, QK. The adversary can switch to classical MitM [13,19] after a successful attack on Scheme 2 since he knows the authentication key of all subsequent iterations until he skips one QKD iteration. System security will be restored if an adversary skips at least one QKD session, on the assumption that the channel authentication keys of this session will match on the nodes.…”

Section: Single Imposition Of a Quantum Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

Key generation schemes for channel authentication in quantum key distribution protocol

Borodin

Zhilyaev

Urivskiy

2021

IET Quantum Communication

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems enable secure key generation between two parties. Such systems require an authenticated classical channel for QKD protocols to work. Usually, the initial authentication key for this channel is pre‐shared. In this work, methods that are used to renew the pre‐shared keys ensuring a high level of security and performance for the subsequent quantum key generation are discussed. The model of QKD systems in terms of the lifecycle of the keys is formalised and a full set of parameters that can be used for key renewal functions is described. A detailed adversary model allows us to compare key renewal schemes by the probabilities of successful attacks and their consequences. As a result, it is shown that a hybrid key renewal scheme, which uses both the auxiliary pre‐shared key and a part of the quantum sequence, has the higher security properties among considered schemes and is recommended to be used in QKD systems.

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“…Moreover, researchers have found huge interest in QKD due to the growing demand for highly secure services, including financial transactions, data trading, military operations, and other government services. QKD generates and distributes secret keys using different QKD protocols [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] between the sender and the receiver [10][11][12]. The generated quantum secret keys can then be used to encrypt and decrypt the original information [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of fragmentation in quantum signal channel of quantum key distribution enabled optical networks

Sharma,

Bhatia,

Prakash

2024

IET Quantum Communication

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In QKD‐enabled optical networks (QKD‐enabled ONs), fragmentation is one of the serious issues which can be mitigated through appropriate management of network resources. Thus, efficient allocation of network resources during routing and resource assignment is important to minimise the impact of time slot fragmentation in the quantum signal channel (QSCh) of QKD‐enabled ONs. The authors address the fragmentation problem in the QSCh and propose a new fragmentation‐suppressed routing and resource assignment (FS‐RRA) approach. To evaluate the performance and to analyse the effect of time slot fragmentation in QSCh of QKD‐enabled ONs, the proposed FS‐RRA approach is compared with two existing resource assignment approaches, namely, the first‐fit (FF) and random‐fit (RF) for two different networks. Simulation results show that the proposed approach reduces fragmentation by 2.97% and 6.69% for NSFNET and 1.77% and 5.91% for UBN24 in terms of external fragmentation compared to FF and RF, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed approach reduces blocking by 4.03% and 14.28% for NSFNET and 2.61% and 13.44% for UBN24 and improves resource utilisation up to 3.44% and 5.96% for NSFNET and 3.08% and 7.64% for UBN24 compared to FF and RF, respectively.

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On the security and confidentiality of quantum key distribution

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Maintaining Secure Level on Symmetric Encryption under Quantum Attack

Maintaining Secure Level on Symmetric Encryption under Quantum Attack

Key generation schemes for channel authentication in quantum key distribution protocol

Impact of fragmentation in quantum signal channel of quantum key distribution enabled optical networks

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