On the sensitivity of the HAWC observatory to gamma-ray bursts

Abeysekara, Anushka Udara; Aguilar, J. A.; Aguilar, S.; Alfaro, R.; Almaraz, Erick; Álvarez, C.; Álvarez-Romero, Juan de Dios; Álvarez, M. Dovale; Arceo, R.; Arteaga‐Velázquez, J. C.; Badillo, C.; Barber, Ahron S.; Baughman, B. M.; Bautista-Elivar, N.; Belmont, E.; Benítez, E.; BenZvi, S.; Berley, D.; Bernal, A.; Bonamente, E.; Braun, J.; Caballero─López, R. A.; Cabrera, I.; Carramiñana, A.; Carrasco, L.; Castillo, M.; Chambers, L. P.; Conde, R.; Condreay, P.; Cotti, U.; Cotzomi, J.; D’Olivo, Juan Carlos; Fuente, Eduardo de la; León, C. De; Delay, S.; Delépine, D.; DeYoung, T.; Diaz, L. Calero; Díaz‐Cruz, L.; Dingus, B. L.; DuVernois, Michael; Edmunds, D.; Ellsworth, R. W.; Fick, B.; Fiorino, D. W.; Flandes, A.; Fraija, N.; Galindo, A.; García–Luna, José Luis; García–Torales, Guillermo; Garfias, F.; González, L. X.; González, M. M.; Goodman, J. A.; Grabski, V.; Gussert, M.; Guzmán-Cerón, C.; Hampel-Arias, Z.; Harris, T. Robert; Hays, E.; Hernández–Cervantes, L.; Hüntemeyer, P.; Imran, Asif; Iriarte, A.; Jiménez, Juan J.; Karn, P.; Kelley-Hoskins, N.; Kieda, D.; Langarica, R.; Lara, A.; Lauer, R.; Lee, W. H.; Linares, Edgar Casimiro; Linnemann, J.; Longo, M.; Luna-García, R.; Martínez, H.; Martínez, J.; Martínez, L. A.; Martı́nez, O.; Martínez-Castro, J.; Martos, M.; Matthews, John; McEnery, J. E.; Medina‐Tanco, G.; Mendoza-Torres, J. E.; Miranda-Romagnoli, P.; Montaruli, T.; Moreno, E.; Mostafá, M.; Napsuciale, M.; Nava, J.; Nellen, L.; Newbold, M.; Noriega-Papaqui, R.; Oceguera-Becerra, T.; Tapia, A.; Orozco, Villanueva; Durán-Pérez, Verónica Daniela; Pérez-Pérez, E. G.; Perkins, J. S.; Pretz, J.; Ramı́rez, C.; Ramírez, Iván; Rebello, D.; Rentería, A.; Reyes, Javier Escalera; Rosa-González, D.; Rosado, A.; Ryan, J. M.; Sacahui, J. R.; Salazar, H.; Salesa, F.; Sandoval, A.; Santos, E.; Schneider, M.; Shoup, A.; Silich, Sergiy; Sinnis, G.; Smith, A. J.; Sparks, Kevin; Springer, R. W.; Suárez, F.; Suarez, Nicholas Bruno; Taboada, I.; Téllez, A. Fernández; Tenorio-Tagle, G.; Tepe, A.; Toale, P. A.; Tollefson, K.; Torres, I.; Ukwatta, T. N.; Valdés-Galicia, J. F.; Vanegas, Pablo; Vasileiou, V.; Vazquez, Oscar; Vázquez, Xóchitl; Villaseñor, L.; Wall, W. F.; Walters, John; Warner, D.; Westerhoff, S.; Wisher, I. G.; Wood, J.; Yodh, G.; Zaborov, D.; Zepeda, A.

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.02.001

Cited by 113 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The reconstruction and gamma/hadron separation algorithms are applied to the simulated output. The calculation of sensitivity to high-energy steady sources is similar to the analysis described in [12]. Since the publication of a previous study [12], the design of HAWC has been modified to include an additional 10-inch high-efficiency PMT at the center of each WCD.…”

Section: Analysis Technique and Cutsmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Sensitivity of the high altitude water Cherenkov detector to sources of multi-TeV gamma rays

Abeysekara

Alfaro

Álvarez

et al. 2013

Astroparticle Physics

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The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is an array of large water Cherenkov detectors sensitive to gamma rays and hadronic cosmic rays in the energy band between 100 GeV and 100 TeV. The observatory will be used to measure high-energy protons and cosmic rays via detection of the energetic secondary particles reaching the ground when one of these particles interacts in the atmosphere above the detector. HAWC is under construction at a site 4100 meters above sea level on the northern slope of the volcano Sierra Negra, which is located in central Mexico at 19• N latitude. It is scheduled for completion in 2014. In this paper we estimate the sensitivity of the HAWC instrument to point-like and extended sources of gamma rays. The source fluxes are modeled using both unbroken power laws and power laws with exponential cutoffs. HAWC, in one year, is sensitive to point sources with integral powerlaw spectra as low as 5 × 10 −13 cm −2 sec −1 above 2 TeV (approximately 50 mCrab) over 5 sr of the sky. This is a conservative estimate based on simple event parameters and is expected to improve as the data analysis techniques are refined. We discuss known TeV sources and the scientific contributions that HAWC can make to our understanding of particle acceleration in these sources.

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Section: Analysis Technique and Cutsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The HAWC instrument, the reconstruction and analysis algorithms, and the sensitivity to gamma-ray bursts, focusing on emission below 1 TeV, have been described previously [12]. In the following sections we present the results of a study of the sensitivity of HAWC to steady sources of gamma rays from 1 TeV to 100 TeV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of the high altitude water Cherenkov detector to sources of multi-TeV gamma rays

Abeysekara

Alfaro

Álvarez

et al. 2013

Astroparticle Physics

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163

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“…The brightest GRBs detected by Fermi, such as GRB 090510, should be observable with HAWC if the cutoff is above ≈100 GeV. For a detailed report on HAWC sensitivity to GRBs see [5].…”

Section: The Hawc Observatorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The HAWC experiment and its sensitivity to gamma-ray bursts

Zaborov¹

2012

Proceedings of Gamma-Ray Bursts 2012 Conference — PoS(GRB 2012)

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The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC) is an air shower array currently under construction in Mexico at an altitude of 4100 m. HAWC will consist of 300 large water tanks covering an area of about 22000 square meters and instrumented with 4 photomultipliers each. The experimental design allows for highly efficient detection of photon-induced air showers in the TeV and sub-TeV range and gamma-hadron separation. We show that HAWC has a realistic opportunity to observe the high-energy power law components of GRBs that extend at least up to 30 GeV. In particular, HAWC will be capable of observing events similar to GRB 090510 and GRB 090902B. The observations (or non-observations) of GRBs by HAWC will provide information on the high-energy spectra of GRBs. An engineering array consisting of 6 water tanks was operated at the HAWC site since September 2011, collecting over 3 months of data. An upper limit on high energy emission from GRB 111016B is derived from these data.

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“…A secondary system, called the scaler DAQ, operates in a simple counting mode, and is sensitive to transient events that produce a sudden increase (or decrease) in the counting rates of the PMTs. Both DAQ systems are sensitive to the high-energy emission from GRBs that extend to at least 30 GeV [28], and have energy thresholds that are low enough to observe events similar to GRB 090510 [29] and GRB 090902b [30] with the characteristics observed by Fermi LAT. While both systems can measure the spectra of GRBs, the sensitivity of the scaler and main DAQ systems to GRBs are complementary.…”

Section: Hawcmentioning

confidence: 99%

TeV γ-ray astronomy with ground-based air-shower arrays

Mostafá

2016

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The TeV energy band is a very exciting window into the origin of high energy cosmic radiation, particle acceleration, and the annihilation of dark matter particles. Above a few hundred GeV, ground-based experiments of very large effective areas open a new domain to study extragalactic sources at intermediate redshifts, galaxy clusters, gamma ray bursts, AGN and their flaring states, extended sources and galactic diffuse emission, and to indirect searches for dark matter. In particular, ground arrays of particle detectors -that operate with high duty cycles and large fields of view-can extend to multi-TeV energies the measurements made with experiments on satellites, and complement the observations done with air Cherenkov telescopes on the ground. Key science goals of ground arrays include performing unbiased all-sky surveys, monitoring of transient events from known (and unknown) sources, and detecting extended regions of diffuse emission. In this paper, the status and most recent results from ARGO-YBJ, Tibet AS, HAWC, and LHAASO are presented.

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On the sensitivity of the HAWC observatory to gamma-ray bursts

Cited by 113 publications

References 47 publications

Sensitivity of the high altitude water Cherenkov detector to sources of multi-TeV gamma rays

Sensitivity of the high altitude water Cherenkov detector to sources of multi-TeV gamma rays

The HAWC experiment and its sensitivity to gamma-ray bursts

TeV γ-ray astronomy with ground-based air-shower arrays

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