On the solidification of nodular cast iron and its relation to the expansion and contraction

Fredriksson, Hasse; Stjerndahl, J.; Tinoco, José

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2005.09.028

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Vacancy may exist in the lattice structure, and pore formation can be described as the condensing of vacancies. It has also been suggested that the entropy for formation of vacancies is concentration dependent [83].…”

Section: Expressions Based On Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Broad Literature Review of Density Measurements of Liquid Cast Iron

Hellström

Diószegi

Diaconu

2017

Metals

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Abstract:The literature on density measurements, with a particular interest in methods suitable for liquid cast iron, is reviewed. Different measurement methods based on a number of physical properties are highlighted and compared. Methods for the calculation of density are also reviewed, and the influence of alloying elements on density is, to some extent, discussed. The topic is of essence for the understanding of the material behaviour at solidification, which is pivotal in software applications for casting simulation. Since a deeper understanding of the relationship between the density of liquid cast iron and volume expansion is necessary, the conclusion that further research within the field is needed lies close at hand.

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Section: Expressions Based On Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Broad Literature Review of Density Measurements of Liquid Cast Iron

Hellström

Diószegi

Diaconu

2017

Metals

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“…Depending on the grade, ADIs are produced through austenitization in the range of temperatures 800-920°C, with subsequent holding in isothermal salt bath at temperatures typically between 250 and 400°C for the austempering transformation [10,15] γ → α + γ HC . Ausferrite consists of high volume fractions of Widmanstätten acicular laths of hard α ferrite, residual metastable soft γ HC austenite that is rich in carbon, resulting in an optimal compromise between ductility and strength [10,[16][17], and nodular graphite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Microstructure Quality in Ductile Irons Based on Tensile Behaviour Analysis

Donnini

Zanardi

Vettore

et al. 2018

MSF

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Abstract. Dislocation-density-related equations were proved to be promising tools to correlate tensile plastic behaviour and microstructure in ductile irons (DIs), revealing distinct relationships between equation parameters and microstructure features in austempered ductile irons (ADI) and isothermed ductile irons (IDI). These equations resulted to be successful also in the characterization of the austempering process through the plastic behaviour analysis of tensile tests of an ADI 1050 that was quenched at different times during austempering. The equation parameters could indeed be correlated to the time window for the best ausferrite, and could predict the precipitation of the deleterious ε' carbides for long austempering times. In the present work the results of the tensile plastic behaviour analysis of different DIs through dislocation-density-related equations are reported. The aim of the analysis was to test the capability of these equations to assess the microstructure quality of DIs and support their industrial production.

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“…KGDD'ler, gri dökme demirlerin başlıca avantajları olan düşük ergime derecesi, iyi akışkanlık ve iyi işlenebilirlik özelliklerine sahip olmasının yanı sıra çeliğin mühendislik açısından avantajı olan yüksek mukavemet, süneklik ve tokluk gibi özelliklere de sahiptir. Bu sebeple dökme demir grubu içerisinde en çok tercih edilen malzemelerdir [2,3]. KGDD ailesinden GGG-60 yüksek aşınma direnci ve mukavemet değerlerine sahip olabilen bir metaldir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

GGG-60 Küresel Grafi̇tli̇ Dökme Demi̇r Üreti̇mi̇nde Aşilayici Türü Ve Mi̇ktarinin İçyapi Ve Mekani̇k Özelli̇klere Etki̇si̇ni̇n İncelenmesi̇

Karadeniz

Çolak

Barutçu

2016

Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi

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ÖZKGDD ailesinden GGG-60, yüksek aşınma direnci ve mukavemet değerlerine sahip olabilen bir metaldir. Ayrıca döküm yöntemleriyle şekillendirildiklerinden uygun maliyetlerde ve seri bir şekilde iş parçaları elde edilebilmektedir. Döküm yöntemleriyle şekil vermede ürün içyapıları, dolayısıyla da mekanik özellikleri üzerinde katılaşma aşaması çok etkilidir. Homojen ince taneli grafitlerden oluşan içyapı üstün mekanik özellikleri nedeniyle istenilen bir ürün içyapısıdır. KGDD malzemelerin katılaşma aşamasında aşılama işlemi ve aşılayıcı çeşitleri istenilen mekanik özellikleri elde etmek için en önemli faktördür. Ticari üretim yapan dökümhaneler arasında piyasada kullanım bulan çok farklı aşılayıcı malzemeler bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca bunların ilave miktarları ve yöntemleri dökümhaneye bağlı farklılık göstermektedir. Bu sebeple çalışmada piyasada en yaygın kullanım bulan 3 farklı aşılayıcı ve 2 çeşit aşılayıcı farklı oranlarda kullanılarak GGG-60 malzeme ile döküm deneyleri yapılmıştır. Böylece aşılayıcı türü ve miktarına bağlı olarak üretilen malzemenin içyapı ve mekanik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. İçyapı değerlendirmeleri optik mikroskop, mekanik özellikler ise çekme dayanımı ve sertlik değerleri sonuçları olarak sunulmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Küresel grafitli dökme demir, aşılayıcı, GGG-60, mikro yapı, mekanik test INVESTIGATION OF IMPACT OF AMOUNT AND TYPE OF INOCULANTS ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GGG60 SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRONS ABSTRACTA ductile iron metal GGG-60 has a major abrasion resistance and strength value. In addition, since they can be formed by casting methods, parts can be obtained rapidly and cost effectively. The solidification step has an important impact on products internal structure and thereby on the mechanical properties in giving form by casting methods. Because of its excellent mechanical properties, the microstructure consisted of homogeneous fine-grained graphite is a desired product microstructure. The most important factors in solidification phase of ductile irons are inoculation and inoculant types to achieve the desired mechanical properties. Among the commercial foundries, many different inoculant materials are found use in the market. As well as their addition amounts and methods varies depending on the foundry. Therefore, in this study, the most commonly used three different types of inoculants, and different ratios of two types of inoculants were used for GGG-60 material casting experiments. Thus, the effects of type and amount of inoculant on microstructure and mechanical properties of the material were investigated. Internal structure evaluations are presented as optical microscope data, and mechanical properties are presented as data of tensile strength and hardness results.

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On the solidification of nodular cast iron and its relation to the expansion and contraction

Cited by 40 publications

References 8 publications

A Broad Literature Review of Density Measurements of Liquid Cast Iron

A Broad Literature Review of Density Measurements of Liquid Cast Iron

Evaluation of Microstructure Quality in Ductile Irons Based on Tensile Behaviour Analysis

GGG-60 Küresel Grafi̇tli̇ Dökme Demi̇r Üreti̇mi̇nde Aşilayici Türü Ve Mi̇ktarinin İçyapi Ve Mekani̇k Özelli̇klere Etki̇si̇ni̇n İncelenmesi̇

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