On the sources and significance of interindustry differences in technological opportunities

Investigating the effects of ICT on innovation and performance of European hospitals: an exploratory study

“…Internal networks, e-mail systems, and electronic databases all facilitate the transfer of knowledge and the communication between innovation participants. This is particularly the case for external information, which is critical for successful innovation (Klevorick et al 1995;Laursen and Salter 2006). Second, ICT enables a more efficient cooperation in innovation with external partners.…”

Inventors and Entrepreneurs in Academia: What Types of Skills and Experience Matter?

“…Klevorick et al (1995) define technological opportunities as comprising the set of possibilities for technological advance available to industry at any given point in time, which contribute to shaping the level of industry R&D and rate of product and process innovation. Technological advances based on university research are among the main sources of new contributions to the pool of technological opportunities.…”

“…The rationale behind regulations encouraging university patenting is that intellectual property rights favour the realization of academic inventions into practice. They encourage firms to invest 1 Note that, as Klevorick et al (1995) point out, there are many different ways that university research can contribute to the pool of technological opportunities including production of basic and applied research, which increases the available theory and data and enables better fundamental understanding. Here we concentrate on the direct contribution of academic research to the pool of technical advances from university research as one of the sources of technological opportunity highlighted by Klevorick et al (1995) resources in inventions that require a protracted development trajectory before they become an innovation, in exchange for a licence agreement with the university (Jensen and Thursby, 2001;Colyvas et al, 2002;Mowery and Sampat, 2005).…”

“…They encourage firms to invest 1 Note that, as Klevorick et al (1995) point out, there are many different ways that university research can contribute to the pool of technological opportunities including production of basic and applied research, which increases the available theory and data and enables better fundamental understanding. Here we concentrate on the direct contribution of academic research to the pool of technical advances from university research as one of the sources of technological opportunity highlighted by Klevorick et al (1995) resources in inventions that require a protracted development trajectory before they become an innovation, in exchange for a licence agreement with the university (Jensen and Thursby, 2001;Colyvas et al, 2002;Mowery and Sampat, 2005). Several authors show that patents play a role in the creation of new firms and that researchers engaged in activities linked to the protection of intellectual property are more likely to create spin-offs than those engaged in other work (Landry et al, 2007(Landry et al, , 2010.…”

The elixir (or burden) of youth? Exploring differences in innovation between start-ups and established firms

“…Finally, we include 46 industry dummy variables to account for different propensities to innovate across industries (Klevorick et al 1995). By matching new ventures with established firms operating in the same two-digit industry, we can control for industrial conditions, such as appropriability strategies, technological opportunities, market conditions, level of concentration, and growth rates, all of which can profoundly shape a firm's ability to create new products and/or new processes (Breschi et al 2000).…”