On the Species of Mastodon and Elephant occurring in the fossil state in Great Britain. Part I. Mastodon

Falconer, Hugh

doi:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1857.013.01-02.43

Cited by 45 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Molar form for the Clay Mammoth and Cody's Mammoth, and for the isolated teeth (not treated here, but to be described elsewhere) is entirely consistent with Mammuthus columbi (Falconer, 1857), for which comparative data are given in Saunders (1970), Graham (1986), and Agenbroad (1994). Snowy's molars are likewise readily accommodated within this taxon, although her enamel is thinner than expected.…”

Section: Taxonomic Overviewsupporting

confidence: 56%

Taxonomic overview and tusk growth analyses of Ziegler Reservoir proboscideans

et al. 2014

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At an altitude of 2705 m in the Colorado Rockies (USA), the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site gives a rare look at a high-elevation ecosystem from the late Pleistocene (especially MIS 5) of North America. Remains of more than four mammoths and about 35 mastodons dominate the macrofossil assemblage. Mammoth remains are attributed to Mammuthus columbi, and mastodon remains are referred to the well-known, continent-wide Mammut americanum. Mastodon remains occur within and between several lake-margin slump deposits. Their deposition must therefore have occurred as events that were to some degree separate in time. We treat the mastodon assemblage in each stratigraphic unit as a source of information on environmental conditions during the lives of these individuals. Mastodon mandibular tusks are abundant at the site and represent both males and females, from calves to full-grown adults. This study presents the first attempt to use microCT, thin-section, and isotope records from mandibular tusks to reconstruct features of life-history. We recognize an up-section trend in δ18O profiles toward higher values, suggestive of warmer temperatures. Throughout this sequence, mastodon growth histories show low mean sensitivities suggestive of low levels of environmental stress. This work helps frame expectations for assessing environmental pressures on terminal Pleistocene populations.

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Section: Taxonomic Overviewsupporting

confidence: 56%

Taxonomic overview and tusk growth analyses of Ziegler Reservoir proboscideans

et al. 2014

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“…The lagomorph record from Upper Valdarno is known since early papers (Falconer 1865(Falconer , 1868Bosco 1899a, b). The revision of this material faces the problem that often occurs when revising material from historical collection.…”

Section: Upper Valdarno Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Neogene and Quaternary lagomorphs from Tuscany: a revision based on specimens in Basel Naturhistorisches Museum and Florence University collections

Angelone

Rook

2012

Swiss J Palaeontol

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A revision of the Late Turolian (Messinian)-Biharian (Early Pleistocene) lagomorphs from Tuscany kept in the collections of the Basel Naturhistorisches Museum is the basis for increasing our knowledge on the Late Neogene and Quaternary Italian lagomorph record. The study of the NMB collection has been combined with a revision of coeval Tuscan lagomorphs recorded in the collections of the University of Florence. The taxa herein studied and described represent three leporids (Alilepus meini from the Early Messinian of Baccinello V3, Trischizolagus sp. from the latest Messinian of Borro Strolla, and Oryctolagus valdarnensis from the Early Pleistocene of Upper Valdarno) and two ochotonids (Prolagus cf. sorbinii from the Early Messinian of Velona and the latest Messinian to earliest Pliocene of Borro Strolla, and Prolagus aff. sorbinii from the Late Pliocene of Arcille and the Early Pleistocene of Upper Valdarno). The taxonomic study is completed with notes on evolutionary tendencies and palaeobiogeography of the studied species.

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“…They also dispersed eastward into North America, with a complex subsequent history of population movements and gene flow resolvable only through studies of ancient DNA (e.g., Barnes et al, 2007;Debruyne et al, 2008). In the late Pleistocene, woolly mammoths occupied parts of North America south of the continental ice sheets, where they encountered and apparently hybridized (Enk et al, 2011) with M. columbi (Falconer, 1857), derived from an earlier range extension into North America by M. trogontherii (Lister and Bahn, 2007) or perhaps by its close relative, M. meridionalis (Nesti, 1825). The last woolly mammoths lived on Wrangel Island (off the northeast coast of Siberia) until 3,700 yrBP (Vartanyan et al, 1993(Vartanyan et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray computed tomography of two mammoth calf mummies

et al. 2014

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Two female woolly mammoth neonates from permafrost in the Siberian Arctic are the most complete mammoth specimens known. Lyuba, found on the Yamal Peninsula, and Khroma, from northernmost Yakutia, died at ages of approximately one and two months, respectively. Both specimens were CT-scanned, yielding detailed information on the stage of development of their dentition and skeleton and insight into conditions associated with death. Both mammoths died after aspirating mud. Khroma's body was frozen soon after death, leaving her tissues in excellent condition, whereas Lyuba's body underwent postmortem changes that resulted in authigenic formation of nodules of the mineral vivianite associated with her cranium and within diaphyses of long bones. CT data provide the only comprehensive approach to mapping vivianite distribution. Three-dimensional modeling and measurement of segmented long bones permits comparison between these individuals and with previously recovered specimens. CT scans of long bones and foot bones show developmental features such as density gradients that reveal ossification centers. The braincase of Khroma was segmented to show the approximate morphology of the brain; its volume is slightly less (∼2,300 cm3) than that of neonate elephants (∼2,500 cm3). Lyuba's premaxillae are more gracile than those of Khroma, possibly a result of temporal and/or geographic variation but probably also reflective of their age difference. Segmentation of CT data and 3-D modeling software were used to produce models of teeth that were too complex for traditional molding and casting techniques.

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On the Species of Mastodon and Elephant occurring in the fossil state in Great Britain. Part I. Mastodon

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Taxonomic overview and tusk growth analyses of Ziegler Reservoir proboscideans

Taxonomic overview and tusk growth analyses of Ziegler Reservoir proboscideans

Late Neogene and Quaternary lagomorphs from Tuscany: a revision based on specimens in Basel Naturhistorisches Museum and Florence University collections

X-ray computed tomography of two mammoth calf mummies

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