On the Specifics of Podzols in Mountain Areas

Kabała, Cezary; Waroszewski, Jarosław; Bogacz, Adam; Łabaz, Beata

doi:10.2478/v10239-012-0018-z

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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Order By: Relevance

“…The 3 rd order, podzolic soils (gleby bielicoziemne), covers the soils with a spodik horizon, merged in one soil type -gleby bielicowe, closely related to Podzols of WRB2015. The soil type includes several subtypes related in the majority to redoximorphic features and various organic horizons developed at the soil surface (Chodorowski 2009, Kaba³a et al 2012, Waroszewski et al 2013. In Polish tradition, podzolic soils having and lacking topsoil A horizon are distinguished into separate units, a fact which also influences the number of subtypes and their combinations in SGP6.…”

Section: Classification Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Polish Soil Classification, 6th edition – principles, classification scheme and correlations

Kabała

Charzyński

Chodorowski

et al. 2019

Soil Science Annual

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133

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The sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification (SGP6) aims to maintain soil classification in Poland as a modern scientific system that reflects current scientific knowledge, understanding of soil functions and the practical requirements of society. SGP6 continues the tradition of previous editions elaborated upon by the Soil Science Society of Poland in consistent application of quantitatively characterized diagnostic horizons, properties and materials; however, clearly referring to soil genesis. The present need to involve and name the soils created or naturally developed under increasing human impact has led to modernization of the soil definition. Thus, in SGP6, soil is defined as the surface part of the lithosphere or the accumulation of mineral and organic materials permanently connected to the lithosphere (through buildings or permanent constructions), coming from weathering or accumulation processes, originated naturally or anthropogenically, subject to transformation under the influence of soil-forming factors, and able to supply living organisms with water and nutrients. SGP6 distinguishes three hierarchical categories: soil order (nine in total), soil type (basic classification unit; 30 in total) and soil subtype (183 units derived from 62 unique definitions; listed hierarchically, separately in each soil type), supplemented by three non-hierarchical categories: soil variety (additional pedogenic or lithogenic features), soil genus (lithology/parent material) and soil species (soil texture). Non-hierarchical units have universal definitions that allow their application in various orders/types, if all defined requirements are met. The paper explains the principles, classification scheme and rules of SGP6, including the key to soil orders and types, explaining the relationships between diagnostic horizons, materials and properties distinguished in SGP6 and in the recent edition of WRB system as well as discussing the correlation of classification units between SGP6, WRB and Soil Taxonomy.

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Section: Classification Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Polish Soil Classification, 6th edition – principles, classification scheme and correlations

Kabała

Charzyński

Chodorowski

et al. 2019

Soil Science Annual

Self Cite

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Formation of mature Podzol requires usually 2000-5000 years (Egli et al, 2001;Mokma et al, 2004;Righi et al, 1999;Sauer et al, 2008), but first morphological features of podzolization already are observed after 100-200 years (Kabala et al, 2011;Kabala et al, 2012;Mavris et al, 2011). In the homogeneous materials (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lithological discontinuities in Podzols developed from sandstone cover beds in the Stolowe Mountains (Poland)

Waroszewski

Malkiewicz

Mazurek

et al. 2015

CATENA

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“…Formation of Podzols in the mountain areas is mainly driven by cool and humid climate conditions, topography, as well as specific vegetation [1,3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. It is widely accepted that coniferous forests promote the formation of proper Podzols [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Subsoil Storage of Trace Elements and Pollution Assessment in Mountain Podzols (Tatra Mts., Poland)

Kowalska

Gąsiorek

Zadrożny

et al. 2021

Forests

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Research highlights: this article refers to the deep storage of trace elements as a result of the podzolization process under different types of vegetation cover. This is also an attempt to trace differentiation in the distribution of trace elements in mountain soils under the podzolization process. Background and objectives: we focused on estimating whether the podzolization process of soils under various vegetation covers led to the deep storage of trace elements in the subsoil. Furthermore, the potential contamination of studied soils with trace elements using pollution indices was assessed. Materials and methods: in thirteen soil profiles under three different vegetation types, chosen chemical–physical properties, e.g., organically bonded and active forms of Al and Fe, podzolization indices, and trace element content (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni) were analyzed. Additionally, pollution indices, such as Geoaccumulation Index, Potential Ecological Risk, Pollution Load Index, and Contamination Security Index, were calculated. Results: the distribution of Al and Fe varied among the soil profiles, suggesting different rates of podzolization processes that were partially dependent on the type of vegetation. Exceptionally high values of Alo and Feo were noted in profiles P1 and P2 (1.53% and 2.52% for Alo, and 2.13% and 1.46% for Feo, respectively) in horizons Bs and BsC under Plagiothecio-Piceetum taricum. Some of the soils showed the expected distribution of trace elements as the result of the podzolization process revealed their accumulation in the spodic horizon. Moreover, four different patterns of trace element distribution were recognized. Often, the accumulation of trace elements occurred in Bs/BsC horizons, e.g., in case of Zn soils P8, P9, and P10, which reached 65.8, 68.0, and 72.30 mg∙kg−1, respectively. However, there were no large differences in trace element content in soils independent of the vegetation type. The pollution indices in most samples confirmed lack of contamination with trace elements. Only several soil horizons were moderately polluted and showed deterioration of soil quality or very low severity. Conclusions: in the majority of studied soils, the podzolization process resulted in the deep storage of trace elements, i.e., the accumulation of spodic horizon; however, in certain cases, it might have been related only to the different lithology, and appeared as anomalies not related to the dominant soil-forming process. Anomalies were characterized by a much higher content of trace elements in the BsC horizon compared to the upper O horizons. Obtained data of trace elements, as well as values of pollution indices, did not indicate pollution. This lack of pollution was related to localization of soils within a topographic barrier that protected them from the deposition of potential trace element–rich pollution.

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On the Specifics of Podzols in Mountain Areas

Abstract: O Specyfice Bielic Górskich

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Polish Soil Classification, 6th edition – principles, classification scheme and correlations

Polish Soil Classification, 6th edition – principles, classification scheme and correlations

Lithological discontinuities in Podzols developed from sandstone cover beds in the Stolowe Mountains (Poland)

Deep Subsoil Storage of Trace Elements and Pollution Assessment in Mountain Podzols (Tatra Mts., Poland)

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