On the spectral bands measurements for combustion monitoring

Arias, Luis; Torres, Sergio N.; Sbárbaro, Daniel; Ngendakumana, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.018

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…From the signal analysis point of view, spectral features from a process are typically classified in terms of discontinuous and continuous (or baseline) spectrum, depending on the spectral distributed energy along the studied spectral band. Discontinuous features are typically characterized by a high frequency behavior over narrow spectral bands, with defined center-wavelength (CWL) and full-width at half maximum (FWHM), whereas continuous features commonly exhibit small frequency behaviors on a wide spectral band [ 14 ]. Discontinuous features are typically associated with atomic and molecular emissions, which depending on the CWL and FWHM provide information about the fundamental components presented in the reactions.…”

Section: Spectral Signal Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical example can be seen in hydrocarbon and biomass-based flame spectra, where the emitted energy in the VIS band exhibits discontinuous radiations like CH* and C 2 * radicals, centered at 432 nm and 516 nm respectively, with a typical FWHM of 10 nm, and also atoms emissions like Na and K, centered at 588 nm and 769 nm respectively, with a FWHM of 3 nm. All these features are added to a continuous spectral background related to incandescent soot particles, emitting at high temperatures [ 1 , 14 ]. Both continuous and discontinuous features each provide key information associated to the process production performance.…”

Section: Spectral Signal Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is explained because at the industrial level, flames emit radiation from a greater population of excited and stable species (refer to Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution [ 21 ]) than flames at a laboratory scale. Also, different flame sensed regions may have been assessed, which may change the sensed spectral profiles, as depicted in [ 14 ].…”

Section: Copper Concentrates Spectral Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flash Smelting Copper Concentrates Spectral Emission Measurements

Arias

Torres

Toro

et al. 2018

Sensors

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In this paper, we report on spectral features emitted by a reaction shaft occurring in flash smelting of copper concentrates containing sulfide copper minerals such as chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), bornite (Cu5FeS4) and pyrite (FeS2). Different combustion conditions are addressed, such as sulfur-copper ratio and oxygen excess. Temperature and spectral emissivity features are estimated for each case by using the two wavelength method and radiometric models. The most relevant results have shown an increasing intensity behavior for higher sulfur-copper ratios and oxygen contents, where emissivity is almost constant along the visible spectrum range for all cases, which validates the gray body assumption. CuO and FeO emission line features along the visible spectrum appear to be a sensing alternative for describing the combustion reactions.

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Section: Spectral Signal Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spectral Signal Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Copper Concentrates Spectral Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flash Smelting Copper Concentrates Spectral Emission Measurements

Arias

Torres

Toro

et al. 2018

Sensors

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“…Nowadays, this information has been strongly used for medical diagnosis, material characterization, military applications, night vision, building insulation, detection of refrigerant leaks and the evaluation of many processes emitting in the IR (infrared) band. In this context, optical methods have been widely used for flame sensing and combustion process monitoring [1][2][3][4][5]. The aim of these studies is to find some meaningful characteristics of the acquired IR signals to correlate them with some combustion parameters or variables as the air-fuel rate, combustion efficiency, pollutant emissions, flame stability, etc, for the development of control strategies to generate more efficient, flexible, reliable and clean combustion systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of a combustion process by measurements of the spatial IR radiation of the flame

Toro¹,

Arias²,

Torres³

2012

Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Quantitative InfraRed Thermography

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In this paper we characterize a liquefied gas flame by means of infrared image processing aimed to obtain variables that relates the infrared digital data with the combustion process. An infrared camera that capture radiation between 8[µm] to 12[µm] was used, different techniques as the histogram and FFT (fast Fourier transform) were calculated from infrared images and used for the data processing of different variables like axial and radial profiles, radiative zones, peaks of radiation and a frequency analysis of the reaction zone under different combustion conditions. The experimental results have shown a high correlation between the analyzed variables and the air rate conditions making the infrared radiation analysis an important tool for the flame sensing.

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“…where ε λ (KL, λ) is the spectral emissivity, K is the absorption coefficient, L is the thickness of the flame along the line-of-sight (m), and KL, which can be treated as a whole called the optical thickness [27], is an empirical parameter that depends on the wavelength in the visible range and can be considered a fixed value of 1.39 [24]. Substituting Equation (4) and (2) into Equation (3), we can obtain the following relationship between radiation intensity, KL, and T.…”

Section: Measurement Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrometer-Based Line-of-Sight Temperature Measurements during Alkali-Pulverized Coal Combustion in a Power Station Boiler

Yan

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:A portable spectrometer system that simultaneously measures the temperature, emissivity, and radiation intensity of an alkali metal was used in a 1000 MW coal-fired power plant boiler furnace. A calibrated fiber-optic spectrometer system was applied to obtain the radiation intensity of the flame. A simple method based on polynomial fitting was used to separate the continuous baseline from the measured flame spectra that contained both continuous and discontinuous bands. Nine synthetic spectra that included the baseline, noise, and three simulated discontinuous bands based on a Gaussian function were created to test the accuracy of the separation method. The accuracy of the estimated continuous baseline was evaluated by the goodness-of-fit coefficient quality metric. The results indicated good spectral matching for the selected profiles. The soot emissivity model by Hottel and Broughton was employed to calculate temperature and emissivity. The influence of discontinuous emission spectra on the temperature and emissivity calculations was evaluated. The results showed that the maximum difference of the measurement points of the calculated temperature was only 6 K and that the relative difference in emissivity among the measurement points was less than 5%. In addition, a comparison between the actual intensity of the alkali metal and the calculated temperature indicated that the change in the radiation intensity of the alkali metal followed the trend of the calculated temperature. This study serves as a preliminary investigation for measuring gas-phase alkali metal concentrations in a furnace.

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On the spectral bands measurements for combustion monitoring

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Flash Smelting Copper Concentrates Spectral Emission Measurements

Flash Smelting Copper Concentrates Spectral Emission Measurements

Characterisation of a combustion process by measurements of the spatial IR radiation of the flame

Spectrometer-Based Line-of-Sight Temperature Measurements during Alkali-Pulverized Coal Combustion in a Power Station Boiler

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