“…Among these studies, most have examined the equivalence of dominance-model-based SS and FC formats and found mixed evidence. For example, statement factor loadings were found to differ substantially between FC and SS formats (Ackerman, Donnellan, Roberts, & Fraley, 2016; Dueber, Love, Toland, & Turner, 2019; Guenole et al, 2018; Wetzel, Roberts, Fraley, & Brown, 2016), suggesting that respondents may interpret them differently (Bürkner, Schulte, & Holling, in press). While some have reported moderate to high convergent validity (Brown & Maydeu-Olivares, 2011, 2013; Lee, Joo, & Lee, 2019; Lee, Lee, & Stark, 2018; Usami et al, 2016), others have observed very low convergent validity (Anguiano-Carrasco, MacCann, Geiger, Seybert, & Roberts, 2015; Dueber et al, 2019; Seybert, 2013).…”