On the strength improvement of lightweight fibre networks by polymers, fibrils and fines

Pöhler, Tiina; Ketoja, Jukka A.; Lappalainen, Timo; Luukkainen, Veli-Matti; Nurminen, Ilkka; Lahtinen, Panu; Torvinen, Katariina

doi:10.1007/s10570-020-03263-x

Cited by 36 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…fibres that are more aligned to the direction of gravity. Increasing the initial liquid fraction of the foam increases the fraction of support fibres; it also has the effect of increasing the compressive modulus of the fibrous material, which could be further increased by the addition of polymers or fibrils [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Unlike in the recent work by [ 7 ] neither the wet foam fibre dispersions nor the dried sample are compressed. This results in samples of density 13 kg.m -3 compared with densities of about 40 kg.m -3 by [ 7 ]. While Pöhler et al use X-ray tomography mainly to illustrate inhomogeneities in the sample we use the technique to characterise and quantify the internal structure of our fibre networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Analysis of the foam-forming of non-woven lightweight fibrous materials using X-ray tomography

et al. 2021

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Foam-forming has in the past predominantly been used to create two-dimensional sheet-like fibrous materials. Allowing the foam to drain freely and decay under gravity, rather than applying a vacuum to remove it rapidly, we can produce lightweight three-dimensional fibrous structures from cellulose fibres, of potential use for thermal and acoustic insulation. $$\mu$$ μ CT scanning of the fibrous materials enable us to determine both void size distributions and also distributions of fibre orientations. Through image analysis and uniaxial compression testing, we find that the orientation of the fibres, rather than the size of the voids, determine the compressive strength of the material. The fibrous samples display a layering of the fibres perpendicular to the direction of drainage of the precursor liquid foam. This leads to an anisotropy of the compressive behaviour of the samples. Varying the initial liquid fraction of the foam allows for tuning of the compressive strength. We show an increase in over seven times can be achieved for samples of the same density (13 kg.m-3). Graphic abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Analysis of the foam-forming of non-woven lightweight fibrous materials using X-ray tomography

et al. 2021

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“…It is possible that the interaction is stronger for the hardwood fibers because of their chemical heterogeneity (amphiphilicity) and trapped air (nanobubbles) on rough fiber surfaces. [31,77] On the other hand, the addition of 2.5% of MFC increases the consistency index by 25%. The small size of MFC fibers limits their ability to distribute momentum, while hardwood fibers can interact simultaneously with tens or even hundreds of bubbles.…”

Section: Bulk Rheology Of Foammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this rather drastic change in the fiber foam structure, traces of bubble structure still remain visible in the final dried sheet. [21,77,129,130] Al-Qararah [22] showed that lower density can be achieved in a sheet sample by using foam as the carrier phase instead of water with equal surfactant concentration. Thus, the bubble structure is essential in setting the densitynot only the reduced bonding because of surfactant.…”

Section: Materials Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Foam forming of fiber products: a review

Hjelt

Ketoja

Kiiskinen

et al. 2021

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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Aqueous foam can be used as a transfer medium to form lightweight materials from natural and man-made fibers together with other types of raw materials. This review discusses mechanisms that underlie the forming process and thus influence physical properties of formed fiber networks such as microporous structure, strength behavior, and transport properties. Homogeneous fiber materials can be formed from versatile raw materials, which makes the technology suitable for a vast range of product applications. An intriguing feature of the method is that the wet foam characteristics provide an additional tool to tailor the performance of the dried material. Understanding foam rheology and how that is affected by added fibers is important in developing the forming process. We introduce both fundamental foam properties and practical forming methods, and show how the material properties are affected by the foam-fiber interaction. The basic features of an industrial production process are also described. The potential material properties are compared against key requirements in typical product applications.

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Multiscale Design for Robust, Thermal Insulating, and Flame Self‐Extinguishing Cellulose Foam

Sun,

Zheng,

Zhu

et al. 2023

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Cellulose foams are in high demand in an era of prioritizing environmental consciousness. Yet, transferring the exceptional mechanical properties of cellulose fibers into a cellulose network remains a significant challenge. To address this challenge, an innovative multiscale design is developed for producing cellulose foam with exceptional network integrity. Specifically, this design relies on a combination of physical cross–linking of the microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) networks by cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and aluminum ion (Al3+), as well as self‐densification of the cellulose induced by ice‐crystal templating, physical cross–linking, solvent exchange, and evaporation. The resultant cellulose foam demonstrates a low density of 40.7 mg cm–3, a high porosity of 97.3%, and a robust network with high compressive modulus of 1211.5 ± 60.6 kPa and energy absorption of 77.8 ± 1.9 kJ m−3. The introduction of CNF network and Al3+ cross–linking into foam also confers excellent wet stability and flame self‐extinguish ability. Furthermore, the foam can be easily biodegraded in natural environments , re‐entering the ecosystem's carbon cycle. This strategy yields a cellulose foam with a robust network and outstanding environmental durability, opening new possibilities for the advancement of high‐performance foam materials.

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On the strength improvement of lightweight fibre networks by polymers, fibrils and fines

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Analysis of the foam-forming of non-woven lightweight fibrous materials using X-ray tomography

Analysis of the foam-forming of non-woven lightweight fibrous materials using X-ray tomography

Foam forming of fiber products: a review

Multiscale Design for Robust, Thermal Insulating, and Flame Self‐Extinguishing Cellulose Foam

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