On the Structure of Carbon‐Supported Selenium‐Modified Ruthenium Nanoparticles as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Fuel Cells

Oxalate supported pyrolysis of CoTMPP as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

“…Beside platinum alloys [1] and chalcogenides systems, like RuSe x , RuS x and RhS x [2][3][4][5], research has been focused on transition metal-based Me-N 4 macrocycles. Progress for this catalyst class has been made through the work of Jahnke et al [6], who improved the activity and stability of the Me-N 4 macrocycles by a heat treatment (500-900 • C) in an inert atmosphere.…”

Nitrogen-doped carbon xerogel: A novel carbon-based electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] However, the issues of high cost, scarce sources and long-term durability limit their large-scale production and hinder the commercialization of PEM fuel cells. [10][11][12][13][14] In order to decrease the cost of electrocatalysts and eliminate their dependence on noble metals, various non-noble metal catalysts have been explored recently as alternatives to the Pt-based electrocatalysts, which include chalcogenide catalysts, [15][16][17][18][19] transition metal macrocyclic compounds, [20][21][22] transition metallic oxides [23][24][25][26][27] and carbon-based catalysts. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] In particular, carbon-based catalysts doped with the heteroatoms such as nitrogen (N) or boron (B) have been paid much attention and been proposed as typical non-noble metal catalysts for ORR [36][37][38] in alkaline media.…”

Investigation of Energy‐Relevant Materials with Synchrotron X‐Rays and Neutrons

“…The proposed structural model is not only supported by previous results of conventional characterization techniques (e.g., XRD, TEM, and EXAFS). [126] In fact, recent improve- REVIEW ments of the experimental setups for ASAXS and numerical calculations revealed for the first time that Se-modified Ru nanoparticles on RuSe x /C catalysts are not completely covered by Se as previously proposed. Se rather forms small patches on the Ru surface, while the rest of the surface is covered most likely by oxygen.…”

“…[125] The optimum Se content was found to be at about 7 wt% on a sample containing about 40 wt% Ru and gave the highest electrochemical activity. [126] ASAXS has recently been demonstrated to provide useful information about chemical compositions on the nanometer scale. [127,128] As heterogeneous precious metal catalysts mostly consist of the nm-sized metal particles supported on chemically inert carriers, [129,130] ASAXS is an ideal tool for their characterization.…”

“…It is therefore not only important to know the size distribution of the ruthenium particles [126] but also the position of the ruthenium particles in relation to their carbon support to improve the catalytic effectiveness. A typical TEM image of such a material is shown in Figure 17.…”