On the suitability of the Middleton class A noise model for narrowband PLC

Cortes, José A.; Sanz, A.; Estopinan, P.; García, José Ignacio

doi:10.1109/isplc.2016.7476256

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is evident that when M is larger than 3, most of the parameters remain unchanged. Therefore, M is considered equal to 3, which is also proposed in [36]. From Figure 9, it can be noted that impulse index A in the noise measured in China is over 0.16, while it is lower than 0.04 in Figure 10.…”

Section: Middleton Class a Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsive Noise Characterization in Narrowband Power Line Communication

et al. 2018

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Currently, narrowband Power line communication (PLC) is considered an attractive communication system in smart grid environments for applications such as advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). In this paper, we will present a comprehensive comparison and analysis in time and frequency domain of noise measured in China and Italy. In addition, impulsive noise in these two countries are mainly analyzed and modeled using two probability based models, Middleton Class A (MCA) model and α stable distribution model. The results prove that noise measured in China is rich in impulsive noise, and can be modeled well by α stable distribution model, while noise measured in Italy has less impulsive noise, and can be better modeled by the MCA model.

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Section: Middleton Class a Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsive Noise Characterization in Narrowband Power Line Communication

et al. 2018

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“…As classified in Fig. 4, discontinuous impulsive noise modeling typically includes the Gaussian Mixture [65], [115], [119], the Bernoulli Gaussian [104], [106], [108], Middleton's Classes [105], [116], [118] and the α-stable [113], [114] scenarios, which are introduced individually below.…”

Section: Simplified Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty Years of Noise Modeling and Mitigation in Power-Line Communications

Bai

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Building on the ubiquity of electric power infrastructure, power line communications (PLC) has been successfully used in diverse application scenarios, including the smart grid and in-home broadband communications systems as well as industrial and home automation. However, the power line channel exhibits deleterious properties, one of which is its hostile noise environment. This article aims for providing a review of noise modeling and mitigation techniques in PLC. Specifically, a comprehensive review of representative noise models developed over the past fifty years is presented, including both the empirical models based on measurement campaigns and simplified mathematical models. Following this, we provide an extensive survey of the suite of noise mitigation schemes, categorizing them into mitigation at the transmitter as well as parametric and nonparametric techniques employed at the receiver. Furthermore, since the accuracy of channel estimation in PLC is affected by noise, we review the literature of joint noise mitigation and channel estimation solutions. Finally, a number of directions are outlined for future research on both noise modeling and mitigation in PLC. Index Terms-Power-line communications, background noise, impulsive noise, narrow-band interference, noise modeling and mitigation techniques. I. INTRODUCTION A. Power-Line Communications Power-line communications (PLC) has been considered as a means of data transmission since the late 19th century [1, Ch. 1]. Early applications include narrow-band voice and data communications over both medium-and high-voltage power lines for telemetry, telecontrol and teleprotection purposes, as the predecessors of to contemporary smart grid communications [2]-[6]. However, communications over power-lines have not received wider attention until the late 1990s [7], when both the telecommunications services and the electricity industry T. Bai, M. Elkashlan and A. Nallanathan are with the School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science,

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“…In previous studies [11,14], it has been shown that the Middleton Class A distribution can be simplified into a summation up to a finite scalar M, instead of performing the infinite summation in (1). In this study, we assume that M is 10, and the weight vector, P m in (1), is replaced with…”

Section: Middleton Class a Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [10], Middleton Class A and α-Stable distributions are used to model impulsive noises in China and Italy, and it has been stated that PLC systems including high impulsive character can be modelled better with α-Stable distributions. Lastly, in [11], the suitability of Middleton Class A distribution has been evaluated under various conditions, and it has been shown that the Middleton Class A distribution has quite limited usage in PLC systems, due to failure in modelling the tail characteristics if the impulsive noise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling impulsive noise in indoor powerline communication systems

Karakuş

Kuruoğlu

Altınkaya

2020

SIViP

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Powerline communication (PLC) is an emerging technology that has an important role in smart grid systems. Due to making use of existing transmission lines for communication purposes, PLC systems are subject to various noise effects. Among those, the most challenging one is the impulsive noise compared to the background and narrowband noise. In this paper, we present a comparative study on modelling the impulsive noise amplitude in indoor PLC systems by utilising several impulsive distributions. In particular, as candidate distributions, we use the symmetric $$\alpha $$ α -Stable (S$$\alpha $$ α S), generalised Gaussian, Bernoulli Gaussian and Student’s t distribution families as well as the Middleton Class A distribution, which dominates the literature as the impulsive noise model for PLC systems. Real indoor PLC system noise measurements are investigated for the simulation studies, which show that the S$$\alpha $$ α S distribution achieves the best modelling success when compared to the other families in terms of the statistical error criteria, especially for the tail characteristics of the measured data sets.

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On the suitability of the Middleton class A noise model for narrowband PLC

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Impulsive Noise Characterization in Narrowband Power Line Communication

Impulsive Noise Characterization in Narrowband Power Line Communication

Fifty Years of Noise Modeling and Mitigation in Power-Line Communications

Modelling impulsive noise in indoor powerline communication systems

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