On the synergistic effect of sulfonic functionalization and acidic adhesive conditioning to enhance the adhesion of PEEK to resin-matrix composites

Escobar, Mario; Souza, Júlio C. M.; Barra, Guilherme Mariz de Oliveira; Fredel, Márcio C.; Özcan, Mutlu; Henriques, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.017

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The sulfur element was detected from all the etched PEEK specimens' surface, indicating the sulfonation reactions that happened on the PEEK surface. The sulfonation and the introduction of -SO 3 H groups on the PEEK surface have been proved in studies using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal and chemical analyses, or energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) [18,19,[24][25][26]. The introduction of the -SO 3 H groups promoted the formation of the porous structure and enhanced PEEK wettability [25,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated that milled PEEK etched by sulfuric acid (98%) for 60 to 120 s obtained reliable adhesive strength compared to resin composite [16,17]. Sulfuric acid (98%) could have sulfonic functionalization with PEEK, resulting in micro-scale valleys and pores over the PEEK surface, which could increase its surface roughness and wettability [18,19]. Moreover, acid-etching combined with bonding primer treatment improved its bonding performance with resin by the micro-interlocking of the bonding primer and the etched PEEK pores, and the studies on tensile and shear bond strength showed that the Visio.link was considered an appropriate bonding primer in the bonding of PEEK to veneering resin [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Acid-Etching Duration on the Adhesive Performance of Printed Polyetheretherketone to Veneering Resin

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Three-dimensional printing polyetheretherketone (PEEK) provides a new choice for dental prostheses, while its appropriate bonding procedure and adhesive performance are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the adhesive performance of printed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) after acid etching to veneering resin. In total, 182 PEEK specimens (including 91 printed and 91 milled specimens) were distributed to 14 subgroups (n = 13/subgroup), according to the manufacturing process and surface treatment. The specimens were polished and etched with sulfuric acid for 0, 5, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 300 s, respectively. Two specimens in each subgroup were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface and cross-section morphology separately. Then, the specimens were treated with a bonding primer, and one specimen in each subgroup was prepared for cross-sectional observation under SEM. The residual 10 specimens of each subgroup bonded with veneering resin were tested with the shear bond strength tests (SBS) and failure modes analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by the SNK-q post hoc test (p < 0.05). The etched pores on the PEEK surface were broadened and deepened under SEM over time. Printed PEEK etched for 30 s obtained the best SBS-to-veneering-resin ratio (27.90 ± 3.48 MPa) among the printed subgroups (p < 0.05) and had no statistical differences compared with milled PEEK etched for 30 s. The SBS of the milled subgroups etched from 5 to 120 s were over 29 MPa without significant between-group statistical differences. Hence, printed PEEK can be coarsened effectively by 30 s of sulfuric acid etching. The adhesion efficacy of printed PEEK to veneering resin was qualified for clinical requirements of polymer-based fixed dentures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acid-Etching Duration on the Adhesive Performance of Printed Polyetheretherketone to Veneering Resin

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…42,[87][88][89] Not only the surface topography has been discussed before, but also the significance of the chemical surface conditioning has been reviewed for PEEK restorations. 90 It was assumed that surface irregularities alone are not sufficient to secure a durable bond between PEEK and resin cement. 91 In the current study, Visio.Link adhesive was applied following sandblasting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different fabrication materials and techniques on the retention of implant meso-structures to Ti-base abutments

El-Sayed

Elbanna

2021

Egyptian Dental Journal

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Objectives:The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the material and the manufacturing technique on the retention of the meso-structure to the Ti-base after artificial thermocycling aging. Materials and Methods:Forty implant analogs compatible with the Noble Biocare Replace CC regular platform implant system (Dess, Spain) were used in this study to simulate the replacement of an upper second premolar. Implant analogues were placed in epoxy resin moulds. Ti-bases were screwed to the implant analogues. Ti-bases of different groups were scanned using CAD/ CAM scanner and the design of implant abutments was performed using CAD/CAM software. The abutment had two holes with 1 mm diameter in the mesial and distal surfaces to engage a stainlesssteel wire to facilitate the pull-out testing. The samples were divided into 5 equal groups (n=8) according to the material and technique of construction of the meso-structure as follows: Group I (Zr CAD): CAD/CAM milled zirconia abutments, Group II (E.max Press): Pressable lithium disilicate abutments with 3D printed resin pattern, Group III (E.max CAD): CAD/CAM milled lithium disilicate abutments, Group IV (PEEK CAD):CAD/CAM milled PEEK abutments, Group V (PEEK Press): 3D-printed resin pattern were fabricated and PEEK (BioHPP, Bredent, Germany) was directly pressed on the Ti-base using a thermal moulding machine (For 2 Press, Bredent, Germany) to fabricate the abutments. The samples of each group were surface treated and cemented to the respective Ti-bases according to the manufacturer's instructions of each material. All the samples were subjected to a total of 10,000 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C to simulate thermal fluctuations intraorally. All samples were subjected to pull-out retention test after thermal aging to separate the abutments from the Ti-base. After pull-out testing, the surfaces of the Tibases and the internal surfaces of the abutments were photographed under high magnification using digital camera to analyze the mode of failure.

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“…Recent studies indicate that combined methods can have a synergistic effect for improving bonding strength of PEEK. While acid etching improves the SBS of PEEK, acidic adhesive conditioning (pH = 2.5) failed to form favorable adhesion regardless of the processing time (Ra, 0.06 µm, p < 0.05) [84]. However, 98% sulfuric acid exhibited a synergistic effect with the acidic adhesive, significantly enhancing the surface roughness, (from 1.05 ± 0.59 at 0 min to 1.26 ± 0.51 µm at 5 min) and bond strength of PEEK (from 4.95 ± 2.86 MPa, 0 min to 21.43 ± 5.00 MPa, 5 min), which increased with the adhesive conditioning time [84].…”

Section: Acid Etchingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…While acid etching improves the SBS of PEEK, acidic adhesive conditioning (pH = 2.5) failed to form favorable adhesion regardless of the processing time (Ra, 0.06 µm, p < 0.05) [84]. However, 98% sulfuric acid exhibited a synergistic effect with the acidic adhesive, significantly enhancing the surface roughness, (from 1.05 ± 0.59 at 0 min to 1.26 ± 0.51 µm at 5 min) and bond strength of PEEK (from 4.95 ± 2.86 MPa, 0 min to 21.43 ± 5.00 MPa, 5 min), which increased with the adhesive conditioning time [84]. Conversely, Adem et al concluded that combined treatment offers no benefit [7] based on the finding that a sulfuric acid-treated group exhibited the highest SBS (13.43 ± 1.42 MPa) in comparison to an airborne particle abrasion + sulfuric acid group (11.72 ± 1.69 MPa), an airborne particle abrasion group (6.43 ± 1.05 MPa), and an untreated group (5.39 ± 1.36 MPa); there was no significant difference between the airborne particle abrasion group and the untreated group, which supported the assertion by Adem that surface morphology has a more pivotal role in adhesion improvement than surface roughness [7].…”

Section: Acid Etchingmentioning

confidence: 95%

PEEK in Fixed Dental Prostheses: Application and Adhesion Improvement

et al. 2022

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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been widely applied in fixed dental prostheses, comprising crowns, fixed partial dentures, and post-and-core. PEEK’s excellent mechanical properties facilitate better stress distribution than conventional materials, protecting the abutment teeth. However, the stiffness of PEEK is not sufficient, which can be improved via fiber reinforcement. PEEK is biocompatible. It is nonmutagenic, noncytotoxic, and nonallergenic. However, the chemical stability of PEEK is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, PEEK is nondegradable and intraoral corrosion is minimized. On the other hand, the inert surface makes adhesive bonding difficult. Numerous strategies for improving the adhesive properties of PEEK have been explored, including acid etching, plasma treatment, airborne particle abrasion, laser treatment, and adhesive systems.

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On the synergistic effect of sulfonic functionalization and acidic adhesive conditioning to enhance the adhesion of PEEK to resin-matrix composites

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of Acid-Etching Duration on the Adhesive Performance of Printed Polyetheretherketone to Veneering Resin

Effect of Acid-Etching Duration on the Adhesive Performance of Printed Polyetheretherketone to Veneering Resin

Effect of different fabrication materials and techniques on the retention of implant meso-structures to Ti-base abutments

PEEK in Fixed Dental Prostheses: Application and Adhesion Improvement

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