On the Taxonomy of the Lunate<i>Pyrocystis</i>Species (Dinophyta)

Elbrächter, Malte; Hemleben, C.; Spindler, Michael

doi:10.1515/botm.1987.30.3.233

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Significant morphological variability (i.e. variability that might confound identification) is well known among microalgal taxa, as well as flagellated and amoeboid protozoa, as a consequence of environmental conditions or life cycle events (Fenchel 1982a, Elbrächter et al 1987, Petrushevskaya and Swanberg 1990. In some cases the number of these morphological transformations can be extreme (Burkholder and Glasgow 1997), and confusion regarding the taxonomic usefulness of some morphological characters has led to such disparate problems as the description of synonymous species (Cedhagen and Tendal 1989) or the classification of protists into paraphyletic groupings (Hinkle and Sogin 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE HETEROTROPHIC CHRYSOPHYTE GENUS PARAPHYSOMONAS (CHRYSOPHYCEAE), AND THE DESIGN OF rRNA‐TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES FOR TWO SPECIES

Caron

Lim

Dennett

et al. 1999

Journal of Phycology

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Nanoflagellate protists are algae and protozoa (2-20 m in size) that play important ecological roles in freshwater and marine microbial communities as primary producers and as consumers of prokaryotic and eukaryotic prey. There is little biogeographical information for most of these minute protists despite their significant role in aquatic food webs. In addition, the evolutionary relationships among some of these species and their affinities to other protistan taxa are unclear. These circumstances are largely a consequence of the fact that small protists possess few readily apparent morphological features on which to base taxonomic and phylogenetic schemes and with which to identify them in natural assemblages. As an alternative approach for addressing these issues, we sequenced the small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes of four species of the colorless chrysophyte genus Paraphysomonas. A phylogenetic analysis based on that sequence information was performed, and oligonucleotide probes for two commonly occurring species of Paraphysomonas were designed and tested. Phylogenetic analyses of these four species confirmed the affinity of the genus Paraphysomonas with other chrysophyte species. High sequence similarity among three of the species (P. imperforata Lucas, P. bandaiensis Takahashi, and P. foraminifera Lucas) supported a previous phylogenetic grouping of these species based on the morphology of the scales produced by these species. In particular, sequence similarity between P. imperforata and P. foraminifera indicated that this speciation was a recent evolutionary event. However, a fourth species (P. vestita (Stokes) de Saedeleer) possessing similar scale morphology to P. bandaiensis, P. imperforata, and P. foraminifera showed considerable sequence dissimilarity in comparison to these latter three species. Oligonucleotide probes were successfully designed for the species P. imperforata and P. bandaiensis and applied together with a recently de-1 veloped quantitative in situ hybridization procedure. The development of species-specific oligonucleotide probes for these nanoflagellate species and their application for counting nanoflagellates in natural water samples provide tools for studying these ecologically important species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE HETEROTROPHIC CHRYSOPHYTE GENUS PARAPHYSOMONAS (CHRYSOPHYCEAE), AND THE DESIGN OF rRNA‐TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES FOR TWO SPECIES

Caron

Lim

Dennett

et al. 1999

Journal of Phycology

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“…Local stimulation using a colloidal probe was applied to single cells of the dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula attached to a solid surface. This species was selected for testing because it exists in cultures primarily in a nonmotile cyst stage (45,46), unlike most dinoflagellates, which exist in a flagellated swimming stage, and this particular strain was negatively buoyant, facilitating its attachment to a surface for testing. Results indicate that the velocity of the applied mechanical stress and its magnitude are important in determining cell stimulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanosensitivity of a Rapid Bioluminescence Reporter System Assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy

Tesson

Latz

2015

Biophysical Journal

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Cells are sophisticated integrators of mechanical stimuli that lead to physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses. The bioluminescence of dinoflagellates, alveolate protists that use light emission for predator defense, serves as a rapid noninvasive whole-cell reporter of mechanosensitivity. In this study, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to explore the relationship between cell mechanical properties and mechanosensitivity in live cells of the dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula. Cell stiffness was 0.56 MPa, consistent with cells possessing a cell wall. Cell response depended on both the magnitude and velocity of the applied force. At the maximum stimulation velocity of 390 μm s(-1), the threshold response occurred at a force of 7.2 μN, resulting in a contact time of 6.1 ms and indentation of 2.1 μm. Cells did not respond to a low stimulation velocity of 20 μm s(-1), indicating a velocity dependent response that, based on stress relaxation experiments, was explained by the cell viscoelastic properties. This study demonstrates the use of AFM to study mechanosensitivity in a cell system that responds at fast timescales, and provides insights into how viscoelastic properties affect mechanosensitivity. It also provides a comparison with previous studies using hydrodynamic stimulation, showing the discrepancy in cell response between direct compressive forces using AFM and those within flow fields based on average flow properties.

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“…Our efforts display the first step toward developing a model that helps to predict and analyze the nonuniform stress field. Last, P. lunula used in the current study can only be maintained at temperatures between 18° and 27°C but cannot tolerate extreme environmental conditions ( 65 – 67 ). Similar limitations are probably shared by most living materials and devices ( 17 – 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive and robust mechanoluminescent living composites

Li,

Schramma,

Wang

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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Mechanosensing, the transduction of extracellular mechanical stimuli into intracellular biochemical signals, is a fundamental property of living cells. However, endowing synthetic materials with mechanosensing capabilities comparable to biological levels is challenging. Here, we developed ultrasensitive and robust mechanoluminescent living composites using hydrogels embedded with dinoflagellates, unicellular microalgae with a near-instantaneous and ultrasensitive bioluminescent response to mechanical stress. Not only did embedded dinoflagellates retain their intrinsic mechanoluminescence, but with hydrophobic coatings, living composites had a lifetime of ~5 months under harsh conditions with minimal maintenance. We 3D-printed living composites into large-scale mechanoluminescent structures with high spatial resolution, and we also enhanced their mechanical properties with double-network hydrogels. We propose a counterpart mathematical model that captured experimental mechanoluminescent observations to predict mechanoluminescence based on deformation and applied stress. We also demonstrated the use of the mechanosensing composites for biomimetic soft actuators that emitted colored light upon magnetic actuation. These mechanosensing composites have substantial potential in biohybrid sensors and robotics.

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On the Taxonomy of the LunatePyrocystisSpecies (Dinophyta)

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE HETEROTROPHIC CHRYSOPHYTE GENUS PARAPHYSOMONAS (CHRYSOPHYCEAE), AND THE DESIGN OF rRNA‐TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES FOR TWO SPECIES

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE HETEROTROPHIC CHRYSOPHYTE GENUS PARAPHYSOMONAS (CHRYSOPHYCEAE), AND THE DESIGN OF rRNA‐TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES FOR TWO SPECIES

Mechanosensitivity of a Rapid Bioluminescence Reporter System Assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy

Ultrasensitive and robust mechanoluminescent living composites

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